Importancia de reducción de uso del auto

ITDP
Marzo 2012

El Instituto de Políticas para el Transporte y el Desarrollo México ha realizado un diagnóstico de las tendencias de utilización del automóvil, sus causas y efectos en México y en sus áreas metropolitanas.


Bajar resumen ejecutivo (en inglés)

Bajar documento

Transformando la movilidad urbana en México

ITDP
Marzo 2012

Las políticas de transporte pueden tener un impacto significativo en el desarrollo económico del país y por ende en la calidad de vida de los mexicanos. El transporte es crítico para las actividades económicas (transporte de bienes y mercancías, transporte al trabajo, transporte de turistas, compras, entre otros), por lo que sistemas de transporte eficientes impulsan el desarrollo económico y social de México. De igual modo, si son eficientes, reducen las exter- nalidades o costos negativos generados a la sociedad por el automóvil, como: pérdidas económicas por congestión, costos de salud, accidentes y daños ambientales, entre otros.

Bajar documento

Share the road: Investment in walking and cycling road infrastructure

United Nations Environment Programme
Division of Technology, Industry and Economics
Energy Branch
Transport Unit
Share the road initiative

‘Share the Road’ is a UNEP initiative, developed with the FIA Foundation for the Automobile and Society. It brings together the environment and safety agendas in the context of urban transport in the developing world where the majority of people – those moving by foot or bicycle – are disadvantaged on the road. The overall goal is to catalyse policies in government and donor agencies for systematic investments in walking and cycling road infrastructure, linked with public transport systems.

Bajar reporte de la iniciativa

Accessibility in passenger transport: policy and management

Research in Transportation Business & Management
Volume 2, Pages 1-100
November 2011

Accessibility Policy and Planning

Does Accessibility Planning address what matters? A review of current practice and practitioner perspectives Original Research Article
Pages 3-11
Angela Curl, John D. Nelson, Jillian Anable

The use and abuse of accessibility measures in UK passenger transport planning Original Research Article
Pages 12-19
Derek Halden

Implementing accessibility planning for disadvantaged areas and groups

Improving access to employment and training in former coalfields areas in the UK: The Access Alliance Programme Original Research Article
Pages 20-28
Norman James, Clare Waldron

Developing and applying interactive visual tools to enhance stakeholder engagement in accessibility planning for mobility disadvantaged groups Original Research Article
Pages 29-41
Peter Jones

Management of accessibility by mode and by spatial area

Learning to cycle again: Examining the benefits of providing tax-free loans to purchase new bicycles Original Research Article
Pages 42-47
Brian Caulfield, James Leahy

Public transport accessibility through co-modality: Are interconnectivity indicators good enough? Original Research Article
Pages 48-56
Claudia de Stasio, Davide Fiorello, Silvia Maffii

Business strategies and technology for access by transit in lower density environments Original Research Article
Pages 57-64
Roger F. Teal, A. Jeff Becker

The key factors for providing successful public transport in low-density areas in The Netherlands Original Research Article
Pages 65-73
Wouter de Jong, Janneke Vogels, Karolien van Wijk, Otto Cazemier

Market concentration in coastal shipping and limitations to island's accessibility Original Research Article
Pages 74-82
Maria B. Lekakou, Thomas K. Vitsounis

Economic evaluation of accessibiltiy improvements

Passengers' valuations of universal design measures in public transport Original Research Article
Pages 83-91
Nils Fearnley, Stefan Flügel, Farideh Ramjerdi

Evaluating accessibility enhancements to public transport including indirect as well as direct benefits Original Research Article
Pages 92-100
Xenia Karekla, Taku Fujiyama, Nick Tyler

View Journal

Muenster, Germany: An example of promoting cycling in cities - Components of a high quality bicycle infrastructure. A short survey

Case studies in sustainable urban transport #2
GIZ SUTP
March 2011

GIZ SUTP released its next document in the case study series. The document is titled "An Example of Promoting Cycling in Cities – Components of a High Quality Bicycle Infrastructure". This study introduces Muenster’s initiatives to promote cycling and outlines specifications and essentials of its bicycle infrastructure. It provides a case study and orientation for transport planners and policy makers who want to develop similar bicycle-based sustainable urban transport systems in their cities. The document is 22 pages long, full colour pictures.

Logged-in SUTP users can download the document directly here (5MB). Unregistered users will need to register here first and proceed to login and then download the document.

 Bajar documento

Some decisions will last forever. An evaluation of a Swedish bicycle helmet wearing campaign

VTI
Reseach area: Traffic safety, Society and transport
2009

Photos from the publication

The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of a Swedish educational programme encouraging the use of bicycle helmets. Another to important aim was to use a theoretical model to explain which factors contribute to the prediction of cyclists’ intention to use a helmet. A non-representative sample consisting of employees working for the same insurance company located at three different locations in Sweden was selected. Two served as an experiment group and the third as a control or comparison group. Measurements were taken before and after the campaign.

The educational campaign was held by the Swedish Falck Ambulans. The session lasted for one hour. The emphasis of the campaign was to focus on accidents and injuries to the brain when not wearing a helmet. The participants were also given an opportunity to sign a bicycle helmet contract on receipt of which they received a helmet free of charge.

Data were collected using a web-based self-report survey. The results revealed that the proportion of people who used a helmet when biking to work had increased substantially amongst those having taken part in the session. It also showed that after the campaign the intention to use the helmet was greater amongst the experiment group than amongst the control group. The results showed that the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was effective in the predicting of the intention to wear a helmet. The strongest predictor was perceived behavioural control followed by subjective norm. The weakest TPB predictor was the attitude. The prediction of helmet wearing intention was significantly improved when anticipated regret and past behaviour were added to the model. The results from the Transtheoretical model showed that participants in the experimental group had on average moved one step closer to a change. In sum, it could be concluded that an educational campaign, which also includes elements of endorsement (i.e. to be given a bicycle helmet when signing a contract to use the same), significantly increases the likelihood of using a bicycle helmet.

Acceder al documento (solamente en sueco)

The dutch way: Bicycles and fresh bread

The New York Times
July 30 2011

In the Netherlands, respect for bicycles is hard-wired into the culture.

Leer noticia

A note on the relationship between obesity and driving

Sheldon H. Jacobson, Douglas M. King, Rong Yuan
Transport Policy
Junio 2011

Vehicle travel and obesity rates in the United States have surged in recent decades. This paper contributes to the mounting evidence of a link between them by drawing attention to a very close relationship between trends in miles driven per licensed driver and adult obesity rates six years later. It also presents evidence on why the effect might be expected to be lagged by six years. A simple model is produced, which predicts reductions in obesity rates over the next few years. If these reductions come about, the model will be seen to offer a powerful insight into the relationship between driving and obesity. If the relationship is more than coincidental, it has implications for transport policy and supports the development of a multi-pronged, interdisciplinary approach to tackle increased driving and obesity.

Bajar documento

"Health in all policies" in practice: Guidance and tools to quantifying the health effects of cycling and walking

Sonja Kahlmeier, Francesca Racioppi, Nick Cavill, Harry Rutter, and Pekka Oja
Journal of physical activity and health
2010, 7 (Suppl 1)
In: PEP - Transport, Health and Environment Pan-European Programme

There is growing interest in “Health in All Policies” approaches, aiming at promoting health through policies which are under the control of nonhealth sectors. While economic appraisal is an established practice in transport planning, health effects are rarely taken into account. An international project was carried out to develop guidance and tools for practitioners for quantifying the health effects of cycling and walking, supporting their full appraisal.

Development process: A systematic review of existing approaches was carried out. Then, the products were developed with an international expert panel through an extensive consensus finding process. Products and applications: Methodological guidance was developed which addresses the main challenges practitioners encounter in the quantification of health effects from cycling and walking.

A “Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for cycling” was developed which is being used in several countries. Conclusions: There is a need for a more consistent approach to the quantification of health benefits from cycling and walking. This project is providing guidance and an illustrative tool for cycling for practical application. Results show that substantial savings can be expected. Such tools illustrate the importance of considering health in transport policy and infrastructure planning, putting “Health in All Policies” into practice.

Bajar documento

Urban World: Urban Sustainable Mobility

Volume 2 Issue 5 - 2010
UN-Habitat

In this issue:
- A brave new era for public transport in Latin America
- ‘Decade of Action’ launched to reduce road deaths as a global killer
- Medellin’s Mayor talks of how his city has moved from fear to hope
- The contribution of mass transit to sustainable cities and urban mobility

Bajar documento

Technologies for climate change mitigation: Transport sector

TNA Guidebook Series
UNEP
March 2011

Photo from the publication

This guidebook is designed to assist you as you contribute to the development of transport in your country or locality. It provides transport options that not only minimise greenhouse gas emissions, but also offer a host of other economic, social and environmental benefits, of which the following are some.

In terms of economic benefits, these options can:
• save money spent on transport by both individuals and society
• save time
• reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels
• reduce health costs and absenteeism resulting from traffic accidents and illness caused by vehicle pollution and lack of exercise
• provide better transport for all levels and sectors of society, so that all people can access jobs, markets, services and education, and thereby participate economically
• contribute to urban consolidation and reduce costs for the provision of urban infrastructure
• provide the transport necessary for effective and efficient twenty-first century economies.

In terms of social benefits, these measures can:
• reduce traffic congestion and noise and make localities more attractive and pleasant places in which to live and work
• promote better physical and mental health by encouraging and enabling people to exercise more,
by reducing road accidents and respiratory diseases caused by pollution, and by creating a less
stressful environment
• contribute to greater equality by ensuring that all levels of society have access to the necessary transport to meet their needs
• enhance community connectedness by promoting transport modes that have been shown to
increase local interaction.

In terms of environmental benefits, as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, these transport
options can:
• reduce local level pollution
• lessen urban sprawl
• reduce overall fuel use and in particular the use of unsustainable fuels
• decrease the use of other finite resources.

Bajar documento

Environmentally sustainable transport for asian cities: A sourcebook

Lloyd Wright
UNCRD
March 2010

© Photo from the publication

Asian cities are at a crossroads. Along the current path, growing numbers of cars and motorcycles will overwhelm streets and neighbourhoods. Pollution, congestion, and accidents will become Asia’s defining features. The cities will be less a place for human interaction than for storing and operating metal machines. Yet, there is another path. Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) offers an alternative to uncontrolled motorisation and its related problems. Instead, a complementary package of public transport, quality footpaths and cycleways, vehicle restriction measures, clean fuels, safety programmes, and high standards will create a new paradigm for urban mobility and access.

Many cities in the region, such as Seoul and Singapore, have already adapted many of these elements as part of a comprehensive policy towards a more human urban environment. This EST Sourcebook sets forth the elements of a complete EST strategy for Asian cities.

Bajar documento

Walk 21

Walk21 aims to champion the development of healthy sustainable and efficient communities where people choose to walk.

Through the Walk21 Conference series and the International Charter, Walk21 have a vision to create a world where people choose and are able to walk as a way to travel, to be healthy and to relax.

Visit also the Paper Search, hundreds of papers on walking, pedestrians, mobility.

Ir al sitio

Pedestrian quality needs

COST - European Cooperation in Science and Technology
2011

The Pedestrians' Quality Needs Project (PQN) identifies what people need for their safe and agreeable mobility in public space and shows the added value of a systems approach compared with sectoral approaches. The main objective is to provide knowledge of pedestrians' quality needs and how those needs relate to structural and functional interventions, policy making and regulation to support walking conditions across the EU and other involved countries.

The PQN project was launched in November 2006 and completed in November 2010. The website displays the complete project outcome.

Ir al proyecto y a sus enlaces, documentos, Reporte final y contactos

Estudio exploratorio del comportamiento peatonal en la ciudad de Buenos Aires

Elaborado para: Dirección General de Seguridad Vial
Buenos Aires Ciudad
Mariano Guntern
Agosto 2010

El propósito del Estudio fue comprender en profundidad el comportamiento del peatón en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires desde una perspectiva integral, abarcando aspectos psicológicos y socio-culturales, que le permita a la Dirección General de Seguridad Vial del Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires una planigicación estratégica y efectiva de una campaña de prevención de siniestros peatonales en la ciudad

Bajar la presentación

Economic valuation of development projects: a case study of a non-motorized transport project in India

Hua Wang; Ke Fang; Yuyan Shi
World Bank
September 2010

One of the major difficulties in doing cost-benefit analysis of a development project is to estimate the total economic value of project benefits, which are usually multi-dimensional and include goods and services that are not traded in the market. Challenges also arise in aggregating the values of different benefits, which may not be mutually exclusive. This paper uses a contingent valuation approach to estimate the economic value of a non-motorized transport project in Pune, India, across beneficiaries. The heads of households which are potentially affected by the project are presented with a detailed description of the project, and then are asked to vote on whether such a project should be undertaken given different specifications of costs to the households. The total value of the project is then derived from the survey answers. Econometric analysis indicates that the survey responses provide generally reasonable valuation estimates.

Bajar documento

Urban Mobility

IRF Bulletin - Special Edition
August 2010

Sustainable urban mobility policies and plans place the emphasis on transportation systems that are more benign in terms of their impacts on the environment. They notably promote non-motorised means (walking and cycling) and public transportation, and also aim to reduce the use of private motor vehicles. The measures implemented represent a mixture of physical changes and user information systems that are designed to reduce traffic volumes and emissions, increase accessibility, improve safety, change travel habits and provide a better quality of life for all citizens. Urban mobility measures, therefore, fundamentally involve changing behaviour.

Bajar documento

Manual de políticas amables con la bicicleta

Cámara de comercio de Bogotá
Junio 2010

La Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá presenta la traducción y adaptación del manual “Cycle-Inclusive Policy Development: A Handbook” (“Guía para el desarrollo de políticas ciclo-inclusivas”) elaborado por Interface for Cycling Expertise, quien cedió sus derechos para la traducción del documento. El objetivo del manual es convertirse en una herramienta para las autoridades distritales y municipales en el desarrollo de políticas públicas que promuevan la bicicleta como medio de transporte habitual.

Esta guía proporciona herramientas para promover el uso de la bicicleta basada en experiencias internacionales, que en su mayoría corresponden a ciudades europeas donde la condición de movilidad en bicicleta es de alta importancia dentro de la agenda pública. Sin embargo, en procura de que estas recomendaciones sean de fácil entendimiento y tengan aplicabilidad en nuestras ciudades y municipios, la CCB ha propendido por que este documento tome ciertas experiencias relevantes de algunos municipios del Departamento de Cundinamarca tales como: Cajicá, Chía, Cota, Fusagasugá, La Calera, Sibaté, Soacha, Sopó, Suesca, Tabio, Tenjo, Zipaquirá y Bogotá, en los cuales se evidencian esfuerzos y avances en la promoción del uso de la bicicleta y permiten avanzar en el desarrollo de proyectos de transporte no motorizado que contribuyan a mejorar las condiciones de movilidad de la ciudad-región.

Parte 1

Parte 2

Bogotá: Indicadores de Movilidad 2009 y 2010

Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá

Comportamiento de los indicadores de movilidad de la ciudad a diciembre de 2009

Bajar documento en partes:

Parte 1
Parte 2
Parte 3
Parte 4
Parte 5
Parte 6
Parte 7

Indicadores de movilidad 2010
Ir al sitio de los indicadores 2010

Climate Change and Urban Transportation in Latin America: An Analysis of Recent Projects

Carolyn McAndrews, Elizabeth Deakin and Lee Schipper

Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2010 (89th)
Paper #10-2225

Abstract:

Urban transportation investments present an opportunity to mitigate climate change while supporting effective, clean, safe, and equitable transportation. In this paper, the authors discuss how a set of urban transportation investments in Latin America responds to the issue of climate change. The authors analyzed a sample of recent transportation projects funded by an international bank to learn what kinds of infrastructure, plans, and policies are being pursued, and to assess whether projects developed specifically to address climate change differ from other projects. Loans and grants supported a mix of infrastructure for transit, bicycles, and pedestrians, as well as institutional strengthening. While only a few projects explicitly addressed climate change mitigation, their impacts on mode choice and urban development almost surely have positive effects compared to what would happen without them. In some cases, however, funding for road construction at the urban fringe may induce outward urban expansion and greater auto use. Specifically analyzing the carbon consequences of all projects, as well as their combined effects in the overall system, would provide better ability to track and take credit for carbon mitigation and also could flag potential problem areas.

Order the document

Draft version

TRB URL: