European Commission
2011
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Showing posts with label Regulation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Regulation. Show all posts
Monday, January 23, 2012
The european electronic toll service (EETS): Guide for the application of the directive on the interoperability of electronic road toll systems
Guide for the application of the directive on the interoperability of electronic road toll systems
European Commission
2011
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European Commission
2011
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Tuesday, December 13, 2011
Effect on road traffic injuries of criminalizing road traffic offences: a time–series study
Ana M Novoa, Katherine Pérez, Elena Santamariña-Rubio & Carme Borrell
Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2011;89:422-431
March 2011
Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of the penalty points system (PPS) introduced in Spain in July 2006 in reducing traffic injuries.
Methods. We performed an evaluation study with an interrupted time–series design. We stratified dependent variables—numbers of drivers involved in injury collisions and people injured in traffic collisions in Spain from 2000 to 2007 (police data)—by age, injury severity, type of road user, road type, and time of collision, and analyzed variables separately by gender. The explanatory variable (the PPS) compared the postintervention period (July 2006 to December 2007) with the preintervention period (January 2000 to June 2006). We used quasi-Poisson regression, controlling for time trend and seasonality.
Results. Among men, we observed a significant risk reduction in the postintervention period for seriously injured drivers (relative risk [RR] = 0.89) and seriously injured people (RR = 0.89). The RRs among women were 0.91 (P = .095) and 0.88 (P < .05), respectively. Risk reduction was greater among male drivers, moped riders, and on urban roads. Conclusions. The PPS was associated with reduced numbers of drivers involved in injury collisions and people injured by traffic collisions in Spain.
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Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2011;89:422-431
March 2011
Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of the penalty points system (PPS) introduced in Spain in July 2006 in reducing traffic injuries.
Methods. We performed an evaluation study with an interrupted time–series design. We stratified dependent variables—numbers of drivers involved in injury collisions and people injured in traffic collisions in Spain from 2000 to 2007 (police data)—by age, injury severity, type of road user, road type, and time of collision, and analyzed variables separately by gender. The explanatory variable (the PPS) compared the postintervention period (July 2006 to December 2007) with the preintervention period (January 2000 to June 2006). We used quasi-Poisson regression, controlling for time trend and seasonality.
Results. Among men, we observed a significant risk reduction in the postintervention period for seriously injured drivers (relative risk [RR] = 0.89) and seriously injured people (RR = 0.89). The RRs among women were 0.91 (P = .095) and 0.88 (P < .05), respectively. Risk reduction was greater among male drivers, moped riders, and on urban roads. Conclusions. The PPS was associated with reduced numbers of drivers involved in injury collisions and people injured by traffic collisions in Spain.
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Tuesday, August 2, 2011
Better economic regulation: The role of the regulator
International Transport Forum
ITF Round Tables, No. 150
May 2011
Efficient provision of transport infrastructure is critical to economic growth. The long asset lives of much transport infrastructure indicates governance through regulation, rather than through contract or public ownership. This can ensure predictability in long-term relationships whilst preserving some flexibility to deal with changes in external circumstances.
The transparency created by a fully independent regulator is invaluable for ensuring sufficient investment is forthcoming, while maintaining reasonable conditions for user access. Discussion at the Roundtable focussed on how to achieve effective independent regulation and how to reconcile independence with the legitimate control of policy by the executive part of government.
Independent regulation is not seen as a universal default governance arrangement. Much of the discussion focused on when to regulate and when to rely on competition, even if imperfect, to drive efficiency. The discussions underscored that there are opportunities to improve performance significantly in the aviation, rail and road sectors, by learning from successful experience in improving governance structures in a range of countries.
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ITF Round Tables, No. 150
May 2011
photo from the document
The transparency created by a fully independent regulator is invaluable for ensuring sufficient investment is forthcoming, while maintaining reasonable conditions for user access. Discussion at the Roundtable focussed on how to achieve effective independent regulation and how to reconcile independence with the legitimate control of policy by the executive part of government.
Independent regulation is not seen as a universal default governance arrangement. Much of the discussion focused on when to regulate and when to rely on competition, even if imperfect, to drive efficiency. The discussions underscored that there are opportunities to improve performance significantly in the aviation, rail and road sectors, by learning from successful experience in improving governance structures in a range of countries.
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Monday, July 25, 2011
Making a small market thrive: Recommendations for efficiency gains in the Latin American Air Cargo Market
Tomás Serebrisky, Jordan Schwartz, María Claudia Pachón and Andrés Ricover
World Bank
Transport Papers 35
March 2011
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World Bank
Transport Papers 35
March 2011
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Wednesday, June 8, 2011
Office of Rail Regulation: Regulating Network Rail's efficiency
National Audit Office
April 2011
Limitations in Network Rail’s information on its own costs are hampering the ability of the Office of Rail Regulation to judge the genuineness of the efficiency savings reported by Network Rail. The Regulator has also determined that substantial scope remains for Network Rail to improve its efficiency.
Today’s report by the National Audit Office acknowledges that the Regulator has significantly developed the methods it uses to judge efficiency. Its targets have demanded substantial improvements from Network Rail. According to the Regulator’s assessments, Network Rail has come close to meeting these targets, by making efficiency savings of 27 per cent in the five years to 2008-09, equivalent to £1.8 billion in that final year. This was below the Regulator’s target of 31 per cent, although this was still an achievement when compared to savings in other regulated industries.
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April 2011
Limitations in Network Rail’s information on its own costs are hampering the ability of the Office of Rail Regulation to judge the genuineness of the efficiency savings reported by Network Rail. The Regulator has also determined that substantial scope remains for Network Rail to improve its efficiency.
Today’s report by the National Audit Office acknowledges that the Regulator has significantly developed the methods it uses to judge efficiency. Its targets have demanded substantial improvements from Network Rail. According to the Regulator’s assessments, Network Rail has come close to meeting these targets, by making efficiency savings of 27 per cent in the five years to 2008-09, equivalent to £1.8 billion in that final year. This was below the Regulator’s target of 31 per cent, although this was still an achievement when compared to savings in other regulated industries.
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Monday, May 9, 2011
Análisis de regulaciones sobre el transporte de carga urbano y su impacto en la cadena logística
Grupo de Logística - División de Ingeniería de Transporte y Logística - DICTUC S. A.
Ministerio de Transportes y Telecomunicaciones - Subsecretaría de Transportes
Octubre 2009
El Ministerio de Transportes y Telecomunicaciones (MTT), a través de la Subsecretaría de Transportes ha encargado a la Dirección de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (DICTUC), la realización del estudio denominado “Análisis de Regulaciones sobre el Transporte de Carga Urbano y su impacto en la Cadena Logística”.
El propósito principal del estudio es proponer y analizar distintos tipos de regulaciones sobre el transporte de carga, que permitan disminuir las externalidades provocadas por la circulación de este tipo de vehículos a nivel urbano y analizar su impacto en la cadena logística de las principales actividades económicas que se realizan en Santiago.
Para esto se definieron los siguientes objetivos específicos:
Proponer diversos tipos de regulaciones sobre el transporte de carga urbano que permitan reducir las externalidades generadas por este modo de transporte.
Evaluar económicamente las regulaciones propuestas, desde el punto de vista social y privado. En este último caso, determinando el impacto de cada una de ellas sobre las principales cadenas logísticas que operan en la capital.
Realizar un análisis de la operación de las principales cadenas logísticas que operan en la capital, de tal forma que este análisis permita cuantificar los impactos solicitados en el punto anterior.
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Ministerio de Transportes y Telecomunicaciones - Subsecretaría de Transportes
Octubre 2009
El Ministerio de Transportes y Telecomunicaciones (MTT), a través de la Subsecretaría de Transportes ha encargado a la Dirección de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (DICTUC), la realización del estudio denominado “Análisis de Regulaciones sobre el Transporte de Carga Urbano y su impacto en la Cadena Logística”.
El propósito principal del estudio es proponer y analizar distintos tipos de regulaciones sobre el transporte de carga, que permitan disminuir las externalidades provocadas por la circulación de este tipo de vehículos a nivel urbano y analizar su impacto en la cadena logística de las principales actividades económicas que se realizan en Santiago.
Para esto se definieron los siguientes objetivos específicos:
Proponer diversos tipos de regulaciones sobre el transporte de carga urbano que permitan reducir las externalidades generadas por este modo de transporte.
Evaluar económicamente las regulaciones propuestas, desde el punto de vista social y privado. En este último caso, determinando el impacto de cada una de ellas sobre las principales cadenas logísticas que operan en la capital.
Realizar un análisis de la operación de las principales cadenas logísticas que operan en la capital, de tal forma que este análisis permita cuantificar los impactos solicitados en el punto anterior.
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Thursday, May 5, 2011
Moving freight with better trucks: Improving safety, productivity and sustainability
OECD
April 2011
This report identifies potential improvements in terms of more effective safety and environmental regulation for trucks, backed by better systems of enforcement, and identifies opportunities for greater efficiency and higher productivity.
The report is based on a review of literature, consultation among stakeholders, and research and analysis from working group members. It also presents the results of a comprehensive benchmarking study of 39 truck configurations in operation around the world – from typical workhorse vehicles to very high capacity vehicles – and assesses their performance in terms of dynamic stability, productivity and impact on the infrastructure.
Content:
Chapter 1. Trends in Road Freight Transport
Chapter 2. Logistic Challenges in the Road Transport Market
Chapter 3. Regulation of Road Freight Transport
Chapter 4. Evaluation of Truck Performance
Chapter 5. Environmental Challenges
Chapter 6. Heavy Truck Safety
Chapter 7. Infrastructure Challenges
Chapter 8. Current Use of Higher Capacity Vehicles
Chapter 9. Regulating for Improved Performance
Chapter 10. Compliance and Responsibility
Annex A. Vehicle Technical Standards: UNECE Agreements
Annex B. Truck Safety Data (Complement to Chapter 6)
Annex C. Evolution in Freight Transport
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Enlace OECD Library
April 2011
This report identifies potential improvements in terms of more effective safety and environmental regulation for trucks, backed by better systems of enforcement, and identifies opportunities for greater efficiency and higher productivity.
The report is based on a review of literature, consultation among stakeholders, and research and analysis from working group members. It also presents the results of a comprehensive benchmarking study of 39 truck configurations in operation around the world – from typical workhorse vehicles to very high capacity vehicles – and assesses their performance in terms of dynamic stability, productivity and impact on the infrastructure.
Content:
Chapter 1. Trends in Road Freight Transport
Chapter 2. Logistic Challenges in the Road Transport Market
Chapter 3. Regulation of Road Freight Transport
Chapter 4. Evaluation of Truck Performance
Chapter 5. Environmental Challenges
Chapter 6. Heavy Truck Safety
Chapter 7. Infrastructure Challenges
Chapter 8. Current Use of Higher Capacity Vehicles
Chapter 9. Regulating for Improved Performance
Chapter 10. Compliance and Responsibility
Annex A. Vehicle Technical Standards: UNECE Agreements
Annex B. Truck Safety Data (Complement to Chapter 6)
Annex C. Evolution in Freight Transport
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Enlace OECD Library
Wednesday, January 5, 2011
El nuevo desafío de las concesiones de obras públicas en Chile: Hacia una mayor eficiencia y desarrollo institucional
Eduardo Bitran y Marcelo Villena
Estudios Públicos Nº 117 2010
Presentación
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Estudios Públicos Nº 117 2010
Existe abundante literatura sobre los beneficios y la evolución de los modelos de concesión tanto en Latinoamérica como en Chile, advirtiéndose el rol que pueden tener las empresas privadas en la provisión de bienes públicos. También hay relativo consenso respecto de cuáles son las principales fallas y riesgos tanto en el diseño de los mecanismos de concesión como en su operación. Entre otros, destacan los problemas de renegociación de obras adicionales, de riesgo de hold-up del Estado, de selección de proyectos sin la rentabilidad social requerida, de inadecuada distribución de riesgos, de contabilidad fiscal inadecuada de la inversión pública pagada en forma diferida y de mecanismos inapropiados de solución de controversias. Sin embargo, no hay mucha literatura de cómo enfrentar estos problemas a partir de un mejoramiento en el marco legal y diseño institucional, en el ámbito de las regulaciones y procedimientos que afectan a las asociaciones público-privadas de un país. El presente artículo aborda esta problemática basado en la experiencia chilena, sin duda una de las más exitosas en la región tanto por el clima para la inversión y su eficiencia operacional, como por la generación de proyectos. A partir de un análisis de las distintas etapas que ha vivido el proceso de concesiones chileno, se señalan medidas de acción concretas que deberían dar vida a un nuevo impulso en el marco de las concesiones en el país, velando por reglas del juego claras y expeditas que apunten a maximizar el bienestar de la sociedad chilena y a evitar la desacreditación del sistema.
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Friday, October 8, 2010
La Regulación de la Infraestructura de Transporte en el Perú: Lecciones y Agenda Pendiente
Juan Carlos Zevallos U.
Revista de regulación en infraestructura del transporte
Organismo supervisor de la inversión en infraestructura de transporte de uso público - OSITRAN
Año 1 volumen 1 Julio 2008
p.10-38
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Revista de regulación en infraestructura del transporte
Organismo supervisor de la inversión en infraestructura de transporte de uso público - OSITRAN
Año 1 volumen 1 Julio 2008
p.10-38
El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en realizar un balance del proceso regulatorio seguido en el sector de infraestructura de transporte bajo el ámbito del OSITRAN, para rescatar las principales lecciones e identificar los retos pendientes de la institución, y definir una agenda pendiente de mediano y largo plazo, en aras de velar mejor por los intereses de los inversionistas, usuarios, y hacerlo de forma transparente y justa.
Después de 10 años de experiencia en la regulación del sector, se pueden mencionar como lecciones: la importancia de contar con un margo legal y regulatorio claro y preciso; la necesidad de que el OSITRAN participe en el diseño de los Contratos de Concesión, en los procesos de licitación y tenga una mayor interacción con la agencia de competencia (INDECOPI); los beneficios que representan la incorporación de mecanismos de incentivos en dichos contratos y la existencia de los Consejos de Usuarios. Identificadas las lecciones, se propone la siguiente agenda: una mayor difusión de la cultura regulatoria, y fortalecimiento de la independencia, autonomía y capacidad del OSITRAN; apuntar a un marco regulatorio que mitigue las asimetrías de información entre empresas reguladas y el regulador, y que concentre esfuerzos hacia una regulación por incentivos; incrementar las sinergias con la agencia de competencia; y prestar atención a los retos que demanda la multimodalidad en materia regulatoria.
Monday, December 14, 2009
Revista Carreteras #157: El marcado CE
4a época - Número 157
Enero/Febrero 2008
Instituto IVIA
Contenido:
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Enero/Febrero 2008
Instituto IVIA
Contenido:
- Cuestiones prácticas sobre el Marcado CE
- Componentes del hormigón
- Sistemas de pretensado con armadura postesa
- Los productos de acero
- Ligantes Bituminosos
- Normativa y perspectivas
- Sistemas de contención de vehículos
- Señalización horizontal
- Señalización vertical y balizamiento
- Equipos de regulación del tráfico
- Dispositivos reductores de ruido para carreteras
- Las pantallas antideslumbrantes
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Thursday, September 10, 2009
Tuesday, August 11, 2009
Friday, July 24, 2009
World Trade Report 2009- Trade Policy Commitments and Contingency Measures
World Trade Organization
July 2009
The World Trade Organization (WTO) released the World Trade Report 2009: Trade Policy Commitments and Contingency Measures on 22 July 2009 (full report, pdf). The report examines the range of measures in WTO trade agreements that governments may call upon when facing economic difficulties (such as safeguards, anti-dumping, increase in tariffs up to allowed WTO ceilings etc) and the role that these measures can play. Read more about the report through the press release.
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July 2009
The World Trade Organization (WTO) released the World Trade Report 2009: Trade Policy Commitments and Contingency Measures on 22 July 2009 (full report, pdf). The report examines the range of measures in WTO trade agreements that governments may call upon when facing economic difficulties (such as safeguards, anti-dumping, increase in tariffs up to allowed WTO ceilings etc) and the role that these measures can play. Read more about the report through the press release.
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Tuesday, June 9, 2009
Aviation and climate change
U.S. Government Accountability Office
June 2009
Aircraft Emissions Expected to Grow, but Technological and Operational Improvements and Government Policies Can Help Control Emissions
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June 2009
Aircraft Emissions Expected to Grow, but Technological and Operational Improvements and Government Policies Can Help Control Emissions
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Friday, March 27, 2009
Major Legal Issues for Highway Public-Private Partnerships
Transport Research Board
National Cooperative Highway Research Program
March 2009
TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Legal Research Digest 51: Major Legal Issues for Highway Public-Private Partnerships explores legal issues that are likely to arise in the implementation of public-private partnerships in the U.S. highway sector.
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National Cooperative Highway Research Program
March 2009
TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Legal Research Digest 51: Major Legal Issues for Highway Public-Private Partnerships explores legal issues that are likely to arise in the implementation of public-private partnerships in the U.S. highway sector.
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Friday, March 20, 2009
A review of regulatory instruments to control environmental externalities from the transport sector
World Bank Policy Research Working Paper #4867
March 2009
This study reviews regulatory instruments designed to reduce environmental externalities from the transport sector. The study finds that the main regulatory instruments used in practice are fuel economy standards, vehicle emission standards, and fuel quality standards. Although industrialized countries have introduced all three standards with strong enforcement mechanisms, most developing countries have yet to introduce fuel economy standards. The emission standards introduced by many developing countries to control local air pollutants follow either the European Union or United States standards. Fuel quality standards, particularly for gasoline and diesel, have been introduced in many countries mandating 2 to 10 percent blending of biofuels, 10 to 50 times reduction of sulfur from 1996 levels, and banning lead contents. Although inspection and maintenance programs are in place in both industrialized and developing countries to enforce regulatory standards, these programs have faced several challenges in developing countries due to a lack of resources. The study also highlights several factors affecting the selection of regulatory instruments, such as countries' environmental priorities and institutional capacities.
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March 2009
This study reviews regulatory instruments designed to reduce environmental externalities from the transport sector. The study finds that the main regulatory instruments used in practice are fuel economy standards, vehicle emission standards, and fuel quality standards. Although industrialized countries have introduced all three standards with strong enforcement mechanisms, most developing countries have yet to introduce fuel economy standards. The emission standards introduced by many developing countries to control local air pollutants follow either the European Union or United States standards. Fuel quality standards, particularly for gasoline and diesel, have been introduced in many countries mandating 2 to 10 percent blending of biofuels, 10 to 50 times reduction of sulfur from 1996 levels, and banning lead contents. Although inspection and maintenance programs are in place in both industrialized and developing countries to enforce regulatory standards, these programs have faced several challenges in developing countries due to a lack of resources. The study also highlights several factors affecting the selection of regulatory instruments, such as countries' environmental priorities and institutional capacities.
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