From Transition to Transformation: Sustainable and inclusive development in Europe and Central Asia

United Nations
February 2012

This report was launched at the first Global Human Development Forum which brought together high-level experts from governments, corporations, civil society and international organizations to examine the global policy changes required to ensure a sustainable future for people today and for generations to come. The report, supported by 13 U.N. agencies, calls for a transformation to integrated policy making, where social equity, economic growth and environmental protection are approached together. It is a contribution of governments, experts, researchers and development practitioners ahead of the ‘Rio+20’ U.N. Conference on Sustainable Development in June in Brazil where participants will come together to discuss and shape new policies and measures to promote prosperity, reduce poverty and advance social equity and environmental protection.

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Intelligent Mobility – thinking about tomorrow’s transport

UNECE
March 2012

Intelligent Mobility – thinking about tomorrow’s transport
This was the title of a recent UNECE Inland Transport Committee policy debate. High‐level speakers, governments, experts and academia from all the around the world came together on 28 February 2012 to discuss Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and to contribute to the policy‐segment and launch of the UNECE strategy package on ITS.

Intelligent Transport Systems play an important role in shaping the future ways of mobility and the transport sector. Through the application of ITS, transport can be more efficient, safer and greener. The objective of the UNECE strategy on ITS is to lobby for new actions and policies that would improve quality of life and make sustainable mobility available across borders.

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Presentations
Inter-operability as a supra-national challenge - the EU perspectives
Mr. Fotis Karamitsos

ITS as an efficient tool for governments
Mr. Michael Harting

How innovation is driving mobility – today and for future generations
Mr. Kenji Wani

Road Safety Programme and ITS - lessons learned in Italy
Mr. Antonio Erario

Russia's way in speed management - how technology is saving lives
Mr. Vladimir Kryuchkov

Combining ITS and Logistics - three public-private examples
Mr. Nico Anten

Leapfrogging opportunities and the need for policy direction on ITS
Dr. Paul Vorster

What changes have been brought about in France
Mr. Jean Francois Janin

Name it and solve it - current obstacles to full ITS deployment
Mr. Richard Harris

What needs to be done
Mr. Vincent Blervaque

ITS Satellite Accident Response Systems in Russia

The european electronic toll service (EETS): Guide for the application of the directive on the interoperability of electronic road toll systems

Guide for the application of the directive on the interoperability of electronic road toll systems
European Commission
2011

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Laying the foundations for greener transport

TERM 2011: transport indicators tracking progress towards environmental targets in Europe
European Environment Agency
November 2011

For the first time ever the European Commissions is proposing a greenhouse gas emissions target for transport. But how is transport going to provide the services that our society needs while minimising its environmental impacts? This is the theme for the Transport White Paper launched in 2011. TERM 2011 and future reports aim to deliver an annual assessment on progress towards these targets by introducing the Transport and Environment Reporting Mechanism Core Set of Indicators (TERM-CSI). TERM 2011 provides also the baseline to which progress will be checked against, covering most of the environmental areas, including energy consumption, emissions, noise and transport demand. In addition, this report shows latest data and discuss on the different aspects that can contribute the most to minimise transport impacts. TERM 2011 applies the avoid-shift-improve (ASI) approach, introduced in the previous TERM report, analysing ways to optimise transport demand, obtain a more sustainable modal split or use the best technology available.

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White paper on transport

Roadmap to a single european transport area — Towards a competitive and Resource-efficient transport system
European Comission
March 2011

This illustrated brochure comprises the text of the european commission’s White Paper ‘roadmap to a single european transport area — towards a competitive and resource-efficient transport system’ (com (2011) 144 final of 28 march 2011) and a foreword by vice-president Siim Kallas, commissioner for transport. 

The European Commission adopted a roadmap of 40 concrete initiatives for the next decade to build a competitive transport system that will increase mobility, remove major barriers in key areas and fuel growth and employment. At the same time, the proposals will dramatically reduce Europe's dependence on imported oil and cut carbon emissions in transport by 60% by 2050 .

By 2050, key goals will include:

• No more conventionally-fuelled cars in cities. 
• 40% use of sustainable low carbon fuels in aviation; at least 40% cut in shipping emissions. 
• A 50% shift of medium distance intercity passenger and freight journeys from road to rail and waterborne transport. 
• All of which will contribute to a 60% cut in transport emissions by the middle of the century.

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Watch the video on the White Paper, check out the 50 Facts and Figures on Transport

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Consolidated resolution on road signs and signals

UNECE
Inland Transport Committee
Working Party on Road Traffic Safety
May 27 2010

The present document is submitted in conformity with the mandate of the Working Party on Road Traffic Safety (WP.1) as defined in document TRANS/WP.1/100/Add.1 (item 1(c)) which aims to develop, update and circulate the Consolidated Resolutions on Road Traffic (R.E.1) and on Road Signs and Signals (R.E.2). It contains all the recommendations on road signs that have been adopted by the WP.1 up to and including its fifty-ninth session (22-24 March 2010) and replaces all the previous versions of R.E.2

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Reducing congestion and funding transportation using road pricing in Europe and Singapore

Federal Highway Administration International Programs
December 2010

Congestion pricing use has been limited in the United States because of political, institutional, and public acceptance concerns. The Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and National Cooperative Highway Research Program sponsored a scanning study of Europe and Singapore to identify ideas and models for integrating road pricing approaches into U.S. practices.

The scan team found that countries with clearly defined and well-understood policy goals were able to achieve targeted outcomes most effectively. The team also learned that a large-scale demonstration project is a good tool to build public acceptance of road pricing.

Team recommendations for U.S. implementation include enhanced outreach and communication on road pricing use and research on public perception issues and implementation barriers. The team also recommended development of a road pricing toolkit to provide transportation professionals with a comprehensive decision analysis tool to assess the merits of road pricing options.

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Executive summary

The Wales freight strategy

European Transport Conference 2007 - Freight and logistics

Freight transport is more important to the way of life we take for granted than we realise. There are obvious functions, such as the transit of consumer goods to shops, supplies to hospitals and waste removal. Freight transport is an intrinsic part of the economy. However, freight requirements are often poorly considered in the field of transport planning, and are typically associated with negative impacts, particularly on the environment. Initiatives to consider freight in transport planning strategy have been tried, but these vary in scope and effectiveness, and often don’t represent ‘official’ policy.

This paper discusses development of the Wales Freight Strategy, one of the first national freight policies in the UK, and introduces the philosophy and policies of the strategy.

The Transport (Wales) Act 2006 is a watershed for transport in Wales, putting a ‘general transport duty’ on the National Assembly for Wales to promote and encourage; “safe, integrated, sustainable, efficient and economic transport facilities and services… (including) …those required for the transportation of freight”. The Welsh Assembly Government, with the assistance of Halcrow, the Wales Transport Research Centre and the Wales Freight Group, has developed the Wales Freight Strategy, as a ‘daughter’ document to the Wales Transport Strategy.

Key points covered by the paper include:

Developing the strategy – in particular taking into account how the Wales Freight Strategy has been specifically developed to fit with the outcomes and themes of the Wales Transport Strategy;

The role of the Wales Freight Group of informed stakeholders;

Policies and aims – some of the specific initiatives being suggested by the strategy, that address freight demand and supply, with consideration of modes operating singly and in inter/multi-modal situations, as well as the impacts of freight transport; and

Taking the strategy forward – including the partnerships that will be developed and actions to be undertaken, as set out in the ‘steps towards delivery’ of the strategy.

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Managing Multinational Infrastructure: An analysis of EU Institutional Structures and Best Practices

By Willem van der Geest and Jorge Nunez-Ferrer
Asian Development Bank Institute
Working Paper No: 296
15 July 2011

Creating the framework for cross-border infrastructure cooperation often requires the active role of a third party, an "honest broker", to forge convergence of interests. In this paper, the authors take issue with the myth that transnational cross-border infrastructure cooperation is the result of supra-national decision-making at the EU level. Another myth this paper addresses is that the management of trans-national and cross-border infrastructure is primarily supra-national. Although additional co-financing may be sought from the European Community budget and/or the European Investment Bank, these resources always complement national budgetary allocations and private funding.

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"Health in all policies" in practice: Guidance and tools to quantifying the health effects of cycling and walking

Sonja Kahlmeier, Francesca Racioppi, Nick Cavill, Harry Rutter, and Pekka Oja
Journal of physical activity and health
2010, 7 (Suppl 1)
In: PEP - Transport, Health and Environment Pan-European Programme

There is growing interest in “Health in All Policies” approaches, aiming at promoting health through policies which are under the control of nonhealth sectors. While economic appraisal is an established practice in transport planning, health effects are rarely taken into account. An international project was carried out to develop guidance and tools for practitioners for quantifying the health effects of cycling and walking, supporting their full appraisal.

Development process: A systematic review of existing approaches was carried out. Then, the products were developed with an international expert panel through an extensive consensus finding process. Products and applications: Methodological guidance was developed which addresses the main challenges practitioners encounter in the quantification of health effects from cycling and walking.

A “Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for cycling” was developed which is being used in several countries. Conclusions: There is a need for a more consistent approach to the quantification of health benefits from cycling and walking. This project is providing guidance and an illustrative tool for cycling for practical application. Results show that substantial savings can be expected. Such tools illustrate the importance of considering health in transport policy and infrastructure planning, putting “Health in All Policies” into practice.

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Statistics of Road Traffic Accidents in Europe and North America - provisional edition

UNECE
July 2011

This publication provides comparable data on causes, types and results of accidents in Europe, Canada and the United States. Data are organized by nature of accident and surroundings; accidents while under the influence of alcohol; and the number of persons killed or injured, by category or road user and age group. As background data, figures on the number of road vehicles in use and vehicle-kilometers run by road vehicles are also provided along with estimates of population and distribution by age group. This publication contains important statistical information for those involved in transportation planning and road safety issues. This is a trilingual publication in English, French and Russian.


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Freightvision: Freight Transport 2050 Foresight

Freightvision
2011

"FREIGHTVISION - Freight Transport 2050 Foresight" was a project funded by the European Commission Directorate General MOVE to design a long term vision for European freight transport in 2050 and to identify actions and research to progress appropriate freight transport measures in Europe.

The research was carried out between 2008 and 2010 as a foresight process encompassing four conferences in which the project team identified and developed with the aid of more than 100 experts an action plan for securing long term freight transport in Europe.

This book has been written on the basis of the FREIGHTVISION project and provided insights into the methodolgies and freight transport visions and Backcasts identified for 2035 and 2050, issues which need to be addressed and measures which were assessed.

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Transport for sustainable development in the ECE region

UNECE
May 2011

The UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) has released a report entitled Transport for Sustainable Development in the ECE Region. This was produced by the UNECE Transport Division. The UNECE Transport Division facilitates the international movement of persons and goods by inland transport modes. It aims to improve competitiveness, safety, energy efficiency and security in the transport sector. At the same time it focuses on reducing the adverse effects of transport activities on the environment and contributing effectively to sustainable development. It has provided a platform for intergovernmental cooperation to facilitate and develop international transport while improving its safety and environmental performance. Available for download from the UNECE Publications Website or:

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Appropriate Financial Instruments for Public-Private Partnership to Boost Cross-Border Infrastructural Development-EU Experience

Willem van der Geest and Jorge Nunez-Ferrer
Asian Development Bank Institute
Working paper 281
May 2011

The member states of the European Union (EU) and the EU institutions have increasingly been using public-private partnerships (PPPs) to accelerate the development of (ambitious) trans-national infrastructure. This paper argues that in the EU (i) private sector partners remain risk-averse; and (ii) risk-pooling across a larger number of tax-payers tends to reduce the cost of risk to zero, making EU funds highly desirable and sought after for public infrastructure development. This paper argues that private equity has not been forthcoming to the extent that had been expected by those propagating this method of finance. In those instances where private non-publicly guaranteed resources have been used, the distribution of risks between public and private partners remained asymmetric, with public governmental bodies carrying the financial risks, which ultimately may become a contingent liability for the country's public finances. However, EU and European Investment Bank (EIB) public funding is used not simply because the risks are spread more widely, but rather because EU rules and regulations for using such funds lead to better preparation of projects and greater efficiency gains in project implementation and delivery.

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Making sustainable transport politically and publicly acceptable: Lessons from the EU, USA and Canada

David Banister, John Pucher and Martin Lee-Gosselin
University College London, Rutgers University, New Jersey, and Laval University, Quebec City
in: Institutions and Sustainable Transport: Regulatory Reform in Advanced Economies. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007, pp. 17-50

In recent years much of the literature has supported the need to achieve greater sustainability in the transport system. Even though there still remains some uncertainty about the effectiveness of alternative policies, many promising measures have been implemented in an increasing number of cities and countries throughout the world. The next steps must be to encourage a more widespread adoption of best practice in the implementation of sustainable transport policies. Thus, the most pressing problem is how to make sustainable transport policies more acceptable, both among the general public and their elected politicians. In this chapter, we investigate ways to increase the acceptability of such policies, using case study material from the USA, Canada and the EU.

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International scan: Reducing Congestion and Funding Transportation Using Road Pricing

Federal Highway Administration International Programs
2010

Summary

The purpose of the International Scan was to identify new ideas and practical, workable models for integrating road pricing approaches into state, local, and regional policies, programs, and practices. The findings are intended to inform the U.S. road pricing research agenda and identify best practices from international experience that will assist U.S. practitioners.

The scan team visited with representatives from Sweden, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Germany, the Czech Republic, and the Netherlands in December 2009. The team was composed of representatives from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA); the Georgia, Minnesota, Virginia, and Washington State Departments of Transportation; the Port Authority of New Jersey and New York; and SRF Consulting Group, Inc. A list of scan team members is presented on the back cover.

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Speed Monitor 06

Speed Monitor
European Transport Safety Council
ETSC’s Newsletter on Speed Policy Developments in the EU
Number 06
November 2009

This sixth edition of the Speed monitor brings you speed management news from across Europe, a country focus on Italy, and an interview on the topic of rehabilitation of offenders through awareness courses.

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LIPASTO – Traffic Emission Database

NORDIC

LIPASTO is a free website showing total traffic emissions and their trends in Finland for all transport modes. In addition, unit emissions for hundreds of vehicle types expressed in grams per passenger- or tonne-kilometres are shown. The website is the only one of its kind.

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Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections in Europe 2009: Tracking progress towards Kyoto targets

European Environment Agency

EEA Report No 9
November 2009

This report presents an assessment of the current and projected progress of EU Member States, EU candidate countries and other EEA member countries towards their respective targets under the Kyoto Protocol and of progress towards the EU target for 2020. This is based on their past greenhouse gas emissions between 1990 and 2007, and the projected greenhouse gas emissions of these countries during the Kyoto commitment period 2008-2012 and for 2020, derived from data and related information they provided before 1 June 2009.

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Mitigating Transport s Climate Change Impact in Scotland: Assessment of Policy Options

Scottish Government Social Research
August 2009

In 2006, Scottish transport, including international aviation and shipping, accounted for 15.0 mega-tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e), or 24.4% of total Scottish greenhouse gas emissions. This figure, both in terms of absolute emissions and the proportion of total emissions, continues to grow on an annual basis.

Reducing emissions from transport is one of the National Transport Strategy’s three key strategic outcomes. On 5th December 2008 the Scottish Government published the Climate Change (Scotland) Bill, which includes a commitment to reduce emissions by 50% by 2030, and by 80% by 2050. The finalised version also includes

an interim target of 42% by 2020. These targets demonstrate a bold commitment by the Scottish Government. It signifies the importance Scotland places on playing its part in mitigating one of the most serious threats facing our world.

The Scottish Government’s Transport Directorate wants to improve its evidence base on how it can contribute to meeting emission reduction targets and appointed Atkins in partnership with the University of Aberdeen to undertake a study to identify, analyse, and report on the policy options available to the Scottish Government.

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