Jean SHAOUL, Anne STAFFORD and Pam STAPLETON
Manchester Business School,University of Manchester,
United Kingdom
September 2012
Discussion Paper No. 2012-6
Prepared for the Roundtable on: Public Private Partnerships for Funding Transport Infrastructure: Sources of Funding, Managing Risk and Optimism Bias
(27-28 September 2012)
International Transport Forum
A key message of this paper is that it is more costly for the public sector to use the private sector as financial intermediaries. This is due in part to the higher cost of commercial over public debt and the cost of the profit margin of both the private partner and its extensive supply chain. But there are also the not inconsiderable legal and financial advisors’ fees to each of the numerous parties to the transaction to structure and negotiate it
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Blog que muestra publicaciones de Transporte (Urbano, Interurbano, Rural) (Logística, Transporte de Carga) (Transporte Sostenible: Bicicletas y Transporte no-motorizado - activo, Transporte Público, Seguridad Vial) y más...
Showing posts with label Public Private Partnerships. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Public Private Partnerships. Show all posts
Monday, January 28, 2013
Wednesday, April 25, 2012
Development of an Institutional framework for optimization of the National Logistics Plan for Uruguay
Freight Transport for Development
2011
This case study reflects on the institutional framework that can contribute to increasing the competitive position of a country’s logistic services sector. It also highlights that cooperation between public and private sectors is required.
Foto: conecta9
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2011
This case study reflects on the institutional framework that can contribute to increasing the competitive position of a country’s logistic services sector. It also highlights that cooperation between public and private sectors is required.
Foto: conecta9
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Tuesday, April 17, 2012
Intelligent Mobility – thinking about tomorrow’s transport
UNECE
March 2012
Intelligent Mobility – thinking about tomorrow’s transport
This was the title of a recent UNECE Inland Transport Committee policy debate. High‐level speakers, governments, experts and academia from all the around the world came together on 28 February 2012 to discuss Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and to contribute to the policy‐segment and launch of the UNECE strategy package on ITS.
Intelligent Transport Systems play an important role in shaping the future ways of mobility and the transport sector. Through the application of ITS, transport can be more efficient, safer and greener. The objective of the UNECE strategy on ITS is to lobby for new actions and policies that would improve quality of life and make sustainable mobility available across borders.
Ver más y bajar presentaciones
Presentations
Inter-operability as a supra-national challenge - the EU perspectives
Mr. Fotis Karamitsos
ITS as an efficient tool for governments
Mr. Michael Harting
How innovation is driving mobility – today and for future generations
Mr. Kenji Wani
Road Safety Programme and ITS - lessons learned in Italy
Mr. Antonio Erario
Russia's way in speed management - how technology is saving lives
Mr. Vladimir Kryuchkov
Combining ITS and Logistics - three public-private examples
Mr. Nico Anten
Leapfrogging opportunities and the need for policy direction on ITS
Dr. Paul Vorster
What changes have been brought about in France
Mr. Jean Francois Janin
Name it and solve it - current obstacles to full ITS deployment
Mr. Richard Harris
What needs to be done
Mr. Vincent Blervaque
ITS Satellite Accident Response Systems in Russia
March 2012
Intelligent Mobility – thinking about tomorrow’s transport
This was the title of a recent UNECE Inland Transport Committee policy debate. High‐level speakers, governments, experts and academia from all the around the world came together on 28 February 2012 to discuss Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and to contribute to the policy‐segment and launch of the UNECE strategy package on ITS.
Intelligent Transport Systems play an important role in shaping the future ways of mobility and the transport sector. Through the application of ITS, transport can be more efficient, safer and greener. The objective of the UNECE strategy on ITS is to lobby for new actions and policies that would improve quality of life and make sustainable mobility available across borders.
Ver más y bajar presentaciones
Presentations
Inter-operability as a supra-national challenge - the EU perspectives
Mr. Fotis Karamitsos
ITS as an efficient tool for governments
Mr. Michael Harting
How innovation is driving mobility – today and for future generations
Mr. Kenji Wani
Road Safety Programme and ITS - lessons learned in Italy
Mr. Antonio Erario
Russia's way in speed management - how technology is saving lives
Mr. Vladimir Kryuchkov
Combining ITS and Logistics - three public-private examples
Mr. Nico Anten
Leapfrogging opportunities and the need for policy direction on ITS
Dr. Paul Vorster
What changes have been brought about in France
Mr. Jean Francois Janin
Name it and solve it - current obstacles to full ITS deployment
Mr. Richard Harris
What needs to be done
Mr. Vincent Blervaque
ITS Satellite Accident Response Systems in Russia
Sunday, April 15, 2012
Achieving sustainability in urban transport in developing and transition countries
Umwelt Bundes Amt
August 2011
Prof. Dr. Michael Bräuninger, Dr. Sven Schulze, Leon Leschus, Dr. Jürgen Perschon, Christof Hertel, Simon Field, Nicole Foletta
Although nearly one fourth of global CO2-emissions are caused by the transport sector, its effects cannot be reduced to impacts on climate change. Other sustainability problems induced by the transport sector include air pollution, noise and accidents. At the same time mobility has become a basic human need and there is a strong connection between economic development and the transport sector. These effects are especially relevant in urban areas. Nowadays half of the world’s population resides in cities and until the year 2050 this share is expected to rise to 70 %. Besides, cities today already account for nearly two thirds of global energy consumption and for more than 70 % of global CO2-emissions. Thus, this study focuses on sustainability issues in urban transport. Special attention is given to the situation in developing and emerging countries.
2. Best-Practice Examples 45
Case Study 1: National Financing Instruments: Second Generation Road Funds - The Case of Tanzania 45
Case Study 2: Local Financing Instruments in Sibiu, Romania 48
Case Study 3: Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Transport – Hong Kong 50
Case Study 4: Global Environment Facility (GEF): The Latin America Regional Sustainable Transport and Air Quality Project 53
Case Study 5: Climate Investment Fund (CIF) & Clean Technology Fund (CTF) for comprehensive urban transport systems: Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 55
Case Study 6: Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) Morocco 58
3. Settlement structures 61
1. Background 61
2. Best-Practice Examples 66
Case Study 7: Coordination of Transportation and Land Use Planning in Curitiba, Brazil 66
Case Study 8: Affordable Housing in Bogota, Colombia 702
Case Study 9: Brownfield Redevelopment in Beijing, China 73
Case Study 10: Sustainable Urban Development in Kunming, China 77
4. Technological solutions 81
Tech-Box 1: Trolleybuses 85
Tech-Box 2: Bioethanol in Brazil 86
Tech-Box 3: Cable propelled transit in Caracas 88
5. Non-technological solutions 92
1. Background 92
1. General considerations 92
2. Push-measures 94
3. Pull-measures 99
2. Best-Practice Examples 103
Case Study 11: Restrictions on Car-use in Singapore 103
Case Study 12: Bus Rapid Transit in Curitiba, Brazil 107
Case Study 13: Institutional Reform and Bus Rapid Transit ‘Lite’ in Lagos, Nigeria 111
Case Study 14: The Car-free Medina of Fes, Morocco 116
Case Study 15: Non-motorised Transport in Guangzhou, China 119
Case Study 16: Cycle Rickshaw Modernisation in Delhi, India 123
5. Summary and policy recommendations 12
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August 2011
Prof. Dr. Michael Bräuninger, Dr. Sven Schulze, Leon Leschus, Dr. Jürgen Perschon, Christof Hertel, Simon Field, Nicole Foletta
Although nearly one fourth of global CO2-emissions are caused by the transport sector, its effects cannot be reduced to impacts on climate change. Other sustainability problems induced by the transport sector include air pollution, noise and accidents. At the same time mobility has become a basic human need and there is a strong connection between economic development and the transport sector. These effects are especially relevant in urban areas. Nowadays half of the world’s population resides in cities and until the year 2050 this share is expected to rise to 70 %. Besides, cities today already account for nearly two thirds of global energy consumption and for more than 70 % of global CO2-emissions. Thus, this study focuses on sustainability issues in urban transport. Special attention is given to the situation in developing and emerging countries.
2. Best-Practice Examples 45
Case Study 1: National Financing Instruments: Second Generation Road Funds - The Case of Tanzania 45
Case Study 2: Local Financing Instruments in Sibiu, Romania 48
Case Study 3: Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Transport – Hong Kong 50
Case Study 4: Global Environment Facility (GEF): The Latin America Regional Sustainable Transport and Air Quality Project 53
Case Study 5: Climate Investment Fund (CIF) & Clean Technology Fund (CTF) for comprehensive urban transport systems: Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 55
Case Study 6: Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) Morocco 58
3. Settlement structures 61
1. Background 61
2. Best-Practice Examples 66
Case Study 7: Coordination of Transportation and Land Use Planning in Curitiba, Brazil 66
Case Study 8: Affordable Housing in Bogota, Colombia 702
Case Study 9: Brownfield Redevelopment in Beijing, China 73
Case Study 10: Sustainable Urban Development in Kunming, China 77
4. Technological solutions 81
Tech-Box 1: Trolleybuses 85
Tech-Box 2: Bioethanol in Brazil 86
Tech-Box 3: Cable propelled transit in Caracas 88
5. Non-technological solutions 92
1. Background 92
1. General considerations 92
2. Push-measures 94
3. Pull-measures 99
2. Best-Practice Examples 103
Case Study 11: Restrictions on Car-use in Singapore 103
Case Study 12: Bus Rapid Transit in Curitiba, Brazil 107
Case Study 13: Institutional Reform and Bus Rapid Transit ‘Lite’ in Lagos, Nigeria 111
Case Study 14: The Car-free Medina of Fes, Morocco 116
Case Study 15: Non-motorised Transport in Guangzhou, China 119
Case Study 16: Cycle Rickshaw Modernisation in Delhi, India 123
5. Summary and policy recommendations 12
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Investment in Air Transport Infrastructure: Guidance for developing private participation
PPIAF
The World Bank
Mustafa Zakir Hussain, Editor
With case studies prepared by Booz Allen Hamilton
This paper discusses the development of appropriate private sector participation (PSP) to optimize the provision of air transport infrastructure (ATI). It is aimed primarily at government policy makers in low- and mid It is aimed primarily at government policy makers in low- and middle-income countries and their advisors. This paper answers a number of questions, including the following: When is it appropriate to allocate the responsibilities involved in ATI provision to private firms rather than continue to allocate them to governments and their agencies? If policy makers decide to vest certain responsibilities with private firms, what considerations are important during this allocation process? How is it best to achieve the transition, and what kinds of private firms should be involved?
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The World Bank
Mustafa Zakir Hussain, Editor
With case studies prepared by Booz Allen Hamilton
This paper discusses the development of appropriate private sector participation (PSP) to optimize the provision of air transport infrastructure (ATI). It is aimed primarily at government policy makers in low- and mid It is aimed primarily at government policy makers in low- and middle-income countries and their advisors. This paper answers a number of questions, including the following: When is it appropriate to allocate the responsibilities involved in ATI provision to private firms rather than continue to allocate them to governments and their agencies? If policy makers decide to vest certain responsibilities with private firms, what considerations are important during this allocation process? How is it best to achieve the transition, and what kinds of private firms should be involved?
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Airport Economics in Latin America and the Caribbean: Benchmarking, regulation and pricing
World Bank
Directions in development - Infrastructure
Tomás Serebrisky
January 2012
Traditionally, air transport infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) was exclusively under government ownership and management. Starting in the late 1990s, several Latin American countries implemented innovative public-private partnerships (PPP) that transferred the financing and management of air transport sector infrastructure to the private sector. This book presents the findings of a first-ever, comprehensive study of how LAC region airports have evolved during this notable period of transition in airport ownership. It is an unbiased, positive analysis of what happened, rather than a normative analysis of what should be done to reform the airport sector or to attract private participation. It takes the first step in response to the need for more conclusive information about the influence of airport ownership on economic performance. The book is centered around the study of three dimensions of performance: productive efficiency, institutional set up for the governance of the sector, and financing of airport PPPs. Using rigorous analytical tools, this book answer a series of key questions to evaluate the introduction of private sector participation in the Latin American airport sector: Are LAC airports technically efficient? How has efficiency evolved in the last decade? Are privately-run airports more efficient than state-operated airports? How do independent regulators compare with government agencies in accountability, transparency, and autonomy? How has the level and structure of aeronautical tariffs changed in recent years? The main audience of this book are air transport practitioners, transport regulators, decisionmakers in transport ministries, and PPP units and academics.
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Directions in development - Infrastructure
Tomás Serebrisky
January 2012
Traditionally, air transport infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) was exclusively under government ownership and management. Starting in the late 1990s, several Latin American countries implemented innovative public-private partnerships (PPP) that transferred the financing and management of air transport sector infrastructure to the private sector. This book presents the findings of a first-ever, comprehensive study of how LAC region airports have evolved during this notable period of transition in airport ownership. It is an unbiased, positive analysis of what happened, rather than a normative analysis of what should be done to reform the airport sector or to attract private participation. It takes the first step in response to the need for more conclusive information about the influence of airport ownership on economic performance. The book is centered around the study of three dimensions of performance: productive efficiency, institutional set up for the governance of the sector, and financing of airport PPPs. Using rigorous analytical tools, this book answer a series of key questions to evaluate the introduction of private sector participation in the Latin American airport sector: Are LAC airports technically efficient? How has efficiency evolved in the last decade? Are privately-run airports more efficient than state-operated airports? How do independent regulators compare with government agencies in accountability, transparency, and autonomy? How has the level and structure of aeronautical tariffs changed in recent years? The main audience of this book are air transport practitioners, transport regulators, decisionmakers in transport ministries, and PPP units and academics.
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Monday, January 23, 2012
Intermodal Strategies for Integrating Ports and Hinterlands
Research in Transportation Economics
Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 1-66 (2011)
Special Issue: Intermodal Strategies for Integrating Ports and Hinterlands
Special Issue: Ports and hinterland – Evaluating and managing location splitting
Pages 1-5
Gordon Wilmsmeier, Rickard Bergqvist, Kevin P.B. Cullinane
Hinterland strategies of port authorities: A case study of the port of Barcelona Original Research Article
Pages 6-14
Roy Van den Berg, Peter W. De Langen
Information flows supporting hinterland transportation by rail: Applications in Sweden Original Research Article
Pages 15-24
Badi Almotairi, Jonas Flodén, Gunnar Stefansson, Johan Woxenius
Dynamics of Russian dry ports Original Research Article
Pages 25-34
Eugene Korovyakovsky, Yulia Panova
Financial and environmental impacts of hypothetical Finnish dry port structure Original Research Article
Pages 35-41
Ville Henttu, Olli-Pekka Hilmola
Placing dryports. Port regionalization as a planning challenge – The case of Hamburg, Germany, and the Süderelbe Original Research Article
Pages 42-50
Heike Flämig, Markus Hesse
The Indian dry ports sector, pricing policies and opportunities for public-private partnerships Original Research Article
Pages 51-58
Hercules Haralambides, Girish Gujar
The role of inland terminal development in the hinterland access strategies of Spanish ports Original Research Article
Pages 59-66
Jason Monios
Ir a la revista
Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 1-66 (2011)
Special Issue: Intermodal Strategies for Integrating Ports and Hinterlands
Special Issue: Ports and hinterland – Evaluating and managing location splitting
Pages 1-5
Gordon Wilmsmeier, Rickard Bergqvist, Kevin P.B. Cullinane
Hinterland strategies of port authorities: A case study of the port of Barcelona Original Research Article
Pages 6-14
Roy Van den Berg, Peter W. De Langen
Information flows supporting hinterland transportation by rail: Applications in Sweden Original Research Article
Pages 15-24
Badi Almotairi, Jonas Flodén, Gunnar Stefansson, Johan Woxenius
Dynamics of Russian dry ports Original Research Article
Pages 25-34
Eugene Korovyakovsky, Yulia Panova
Financial and environmental impacts of hypothetical Finnish dry port structure Original Research Article
Pages 35-41
Ville Henttu, Olli-Pekka Hilmola
Placing dryports. Port regionalization as a planning challenge – The case of Hamburg, Germany, and the Süderelbe Original Research Article
Pages 42-50
Heike Flämig, Markus Hesse
The Indian dry ports sector, pricing policies and opportunities for public-private partnerships Original Research Article
Pages 51-58
Hercules Haralambides, Girish Gujar
The role of inland terminal development in the hinterland access strategies of Spanish ports Original Research Article
Pages 59-66
Jason Monios
Ir a la revista
Monday, August 22, 2011
Sistemas aeroportuarios, servicio público e iniciativa privada
Bernardo Sánchez Pavón
CEPAL
Serie Recursos Naturales e Infraestructura
Nº 154
Julio de 2011
El transporte aéreo ha adquirido una notoria importancia dentro los sistemas de transporte. Además de su tradicional contribución al desarrollo del turismo, se observa un incremento exponencial de la demanda de movilidad para personas y mercancías como consecuencia del crecimiento económico y de la globalización.
En los últimos decenios del pasado siglo, se ha cuestionado la idoneidad de la organización estatal para la provisión de ciertas necesidades sociales, abogando por una mayor implicación de la iniciativa privada en este ámbito y la consiguiente reducción del "espacio dominado" por el sector público. Como resulta fácil colegir, estos razonamientos han sido extrapolados al sector del transporte, postulándose como elementos catalizadores de su eficiencia.
A lo largo del presente trabajo, se efectúa un análisis de los movimientos privatizadores y liberalizadores en la esfera del transporte aéreo; de la desregulación y alguna de sus experiencias prácticas más significativas y del surgimiento del nuevo concepto de "servicios de interés general". Asimismo, se estudia el concepto de sistema aeroportuario y los modelos de gestión de los aeropuertos, haciendo especial hincapié en algunos de los implementados en Europa y América. Finalmente, y a modo de conclusión, se exponen varias reflexiones tendentes al establecimiento de unas líneas programáticas que permitan configurar sistemas aeroportuarios sostenibles y compatibles con la participación de diversos actores sociales.
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CEPAL
Serie Recursos Naturales e Infraestructura
Nº 154
Julio de 2011
El transporte aéreo ha adquirido una notoria importancia dentro los sistemas de transporte. Además de su tradicional contribución al desarrollo del turismo, se observa un incremento exponencial de la demanda de movilidad para personas y mercancías como consecuencia del crecimiento económico y de la globalización.
En los últimos decenios del pasado siglo, se ha cuestionado la idoneidad de la organización estatal para la provisión de ciertas necesidades sociales, abogando por una mayor implicación de la iniciativa privada en este ámbito y la consiguiente reducción del "espacio dominado" por el sector público. Como resulta fácil colegir, estos razonamientos han sido extrapolados al sector del transporte, postulándose como elementos catalizadores de su eficiencia.
A lo largo del presente trabajo, se efectúa un análisis de los movimientos privatizadores y liberalizadores en la esfera del transporte aéreo; de la desregulación y alguna de sus experiencias prácticas más significativas y del surgimiento del nuevo concepto de "servicios de interés general". Asimismo, se estudia el concepto de sistema aeroportuario y los modelos de gestión de los aeropuertos, haciendo especial hincapié en algunos de los implementados en Europa y América. Finalmente, y a modo de conclusión, se exponen varias reflexiones tendentes al establecimiento de unas líneas programáticas que permitan configurar sistemas aeroportuarios sostenibles y compatibles con la participación de diversos actores sociales.
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Wednesday, August 3, 2011
High-Speed Rail: Public, Private or Both? - Assessing the Prospects, Promise and Pitfalls of Public-Private Partnerships
Tony Dutzik and Jordan Schneider, Frontier Group, Phineas Baxandall
U.S. PIRG Education Fund
July 2011
Private sector companies are likely to play a major role in the construction of high-speed rail lines in the United States. Public-private partnerships – or “PPPs” – have come to play an important role in the construction of high-speed rail lines around the world.
The experience with high-speed rail PPPs, however, has been mixed. While PPP arrangements have brought private capital and expertise to the task of building high-speed rail, PPPs have also resulted in cost overruns, government bailouts, and other serious problems for the public. America must learn from these experiences and pursue PPPs only in keeping with key principles designed to protect the public interest.
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U.S. PIRG Education Fund
July 2011
Photo from the document
Private sector companies are likely to play a major role in the construction of high-speed rail lines in the United States. Public-private partnerships – or “PPPs” – have come to play an important role in the construction of high-speed rail lines around the world.
The experience with high-speed rail PPPs, however, has been mixed. While PPP arrangements have brought private capital and expertise to the task of building high-speed rail, PPPs have also resulted in cost overruns, government bailouts, and other serious problems for the public. America must learn from these experiences and pursue PPPs only in keeping with key principles designed to protect the public interest.
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Tuesday, July 5, 2011
Infrastructure in Latin America
César Calderón
Luis Servén
World Bank
Policy Research Working Paper 5317
May 2010
An adequate supply of infrastructure services has long been viewed by both academics and policy makers as a key ingredient for economic development. Over the past quarter-century, the retrenchment of Latin America’s public sector from its dominant position in the provision of infrastructure, and the opening up of these industries to private participation, have renewed the debate on the role of infrastructure in the region’s development. The focus of this paper is three-fold. First, it documents, in a comparative cross-regional perspective, the trends in Latin America’s infrastructure development, as reflected in the quantity and quality of infrastructure services and the universality of their access. Overall, this suggests the emergence of an infrastructure gap vis-à-vis other industrial and developing regions. Second, it provides an empirical assessment of the contribution of infrastructure development to growth across Latin America. Third, it examines the trends in the financing of infrastructure investment—documenting the changing roles of the public and private sectors—and analyzes how they have been shaped by macroeconomic policy constraints.
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Luis Servén
World Bank
Policy Research Working Paper 5317
May 2010
An adequate supply of infrastructure services has long been viewed by both academics and policy makers as a key ingredient for economic development. Over the past quarter-century, the retrenchment of Latin America’s public sector from its dominant position in the provision of infrastructure, and the opening up of these industries to private participation, have renewed the debate on the role of infrastructure in the region’s development. The focus of this paper is three-fold. First, it documents, in a comparative cross-regional perspective, the trends in Latin America’s infrastructure development, as reflected in the quantity and quality of infrastructure services and the universality of their access. Overall, this suggests the emergence of an infrastructure gap vis-à-vis other industrial and developing regions. Second, it provides an empirical assessment of the contribution of infrastructure development to growth across Latin America. Third, it examines the trends in the financing of infrastructure investment—documenting the changing roles of the public and private sectors—and analyzes how they have been shaped by macroeconomic policy constraints.
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Friday, July 1, 2011
Paving the way: Maximizing the value of private finance in Infrastructure
World Economic Forum
2010
Given the dramatic need for investments in infrastructure at a time when many government budgets are under severe pressure, the role of private capital in financing infrastructure seems more critical than ever. This Report aims to showcase both the opportunities and the challenges associated with attracting and involving private investors in the provision of infrastructure.
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2010
Given the dramatic need for investments in infrastructure at a time when many government budgets are under severe pressure, the role of private capital in financing infrastructure seems more critical than ever. This Report aims to showcase both the opportunities and the challenges associated with attracting and involving private investors in the provision of infrastructure.
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Monday, June 27, 2011
Coordination of public expenditure in transport infrastructure: Analysis and policy perspectives for Latin America
Rodrigo Cárcamo-Díaz and John Gabriel Goddard
CEPAL
Macroeconomía del desarrollo series No 56
January 2007
Multinational transport infrastructure (MTI) projects are fraught with coordination issues. This paper contributes by identifying the key issues necessary for effective MTI coordination, analyzing them using economic theory and putting them into perspective within the framework of major ongoing coordination efforts for MTI in Europe and Latin America. Specifically, this paper carries out the following. First, after mentioning the importance of transport infrastructure for growth and integration, we describe the characteristics of transport networks that make coordination essential. Second, we motivate the need for public funding of MTI projects. Third, we analyze interaction between countries in MTI projects using game theory, highlighting how coordination problems arise in both static and dynamic settings, focusing on the Stag Hunt and iterative-move coordination games under perfect information. Fourth, we evaluate the experience of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T), a key element of European transport policy, trying to identify lessons that might be useful for ongoing coordination efforts in Latin America. Fifth, we review the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA), describing how it works and how it has contributed to coordination of MTI projects. Sixth, we present policy implications derived from our analysis of economic theory and both the European and South American coordination experiences, specifically proposing how the coordination solutions that have been put in place in IIRSA could be improved through better evaluation and selection of MTI projects, measures aimed at easing the binding financial constraints, and closer coordination between governments. Finally, we conclude with a discussion that brings together the main results and implications of the paper, and suggests avenues for future work.
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Also:
Inversión en infraestructura de transporte multinacional: Perspectivas de coordinación para América Latina
En: Integración y Comercio Nº28 Enero-Junio 2008
CEPAL
Macroeconomía del desarrollo series No 56
January 2007
Multinational transport infrastructure (MTI) projects are fraught with coordination issues. This paper contributes by identifying the key issues necessary for effective MTI coordination, analyzing them using economic theory and putting them into perspective within the framework of major ongoing coordination efforts for MTI in Europe and Latin America. Specifically, this paper carries out the following. First, after mentioning the importance of transport infrastructure for growth and integration, we describe the characteristics of transport networks that make coordination essential. Second, we motivate the need for public funding of MTI projects. Third, we analyze interaction between countries in MTI projects using game theory, highlighting how coordination problems arise in both static and dynamic settings, focusing on the Stag Hunt and iterative-move coordination games under perfect information. Fourth, we evaluate the experience of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T), a key element of European transport policy, trying to identify lessons that might be useful for ongoing coordination efforts in Latin America. Fifth, we review the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA), describing how it works and how it has contributed to coordination of MTI projects. Sixth, we present policy implications derived from our analysis of economic theory and both the European and South American coordination experiences, specifically proposing how the coordination solutions that have been put in place in IIRSA could be improved through better evaluation and selection of MTI projects, measures aimed at easing the binding financial constraints, and closer coordination between governments. Finally, we conclude with a discussion that brings together the main results and implications of the paper, and suggests avenues for future work.
Bajar documento
Also:
Inversión en infraestructura de transporte multinacional: Perspectivas de coordinación para América Latina
En: Integración y Comercio Nº28 Enero-Junio 2008
La provisión de infraestructura en América Latina: Tendencias, inversiones y financiamiento
Luis Lucioni
CEPAL
Serie Macroeconomía del Desarrollo
Enero 2009
De todas las formas de inversión, la inversión en infraestructura reviste particular interés puesto que condiciona y se adelanta en el tiempo a las inversiones privadas en otros sectores. Los servicios de infraestructura tales como la energía eléctrica, los transportes, las telecomunicaciones, el abastecimiento de agua y el saneamiento son fundamentales para las
actividades de las unidades familiares y la producción económica. Proporcionar servicios de infraestructura que satisfagan las demandas de las empresas y de las familias es una de las tareas más importantes de desarrollo económico y es una responsabilidad de los gobiernos que esto se pueda llevar a cabo.
Desde diferentes ámbitos, tanto académicos, políticos como de expertos en el tema, se coincide en que actualmente la inversión en infraestructura en América Latina es baja en comparación con otros países en desarrollo. Se sostiene que el dinamismo de la economía y del comercio exterior que verifica la región desde el 2002 ha puesto en evidencia las deficiencias de la dotación de infraestructura de la región.
Al respecto, una de las conclusiones de este trabajo es que el producto de la región sería actualmente tan intensivo en infraestructura como lo era en los años ochenta. Con variaciones, en función del sector que se trate, los latinoamericanos dispondrían actualmente, con excepción en el sector telecomunicaciones, una dotación de infraestructura para el transporte y la generación de energía eléctrica similar a la existente en esos años. Este escenario, si es per se preocupante, se agrava si se tiene en cuenta la mejora que está experimentado la región en su economía y muy particularmente en su comercio. En efecto, para que estas mejoras se mantengan y se profundicen se requiere, entre otras cosas, una dotación de infraestructura que las acompañe y las incentive. En tal sentido, las deficiencias en materia de infraestructura aparecerían hoy como uno de los principales condicionantes para el crecimiento sostenido en América Latina.
Los indicadores elaborados que sostienen esta conclusión indican que la región inició el nuevo milenio transitando históricamente niveles mínimos de inversión en infraestructura. Esta situación no pasó desapercibida en los países de la región, los que bajo distintos argumentos propusieron un perfeccionamiento de los instrumentos de control fiscal y presupuestario que dieran un tratamiento diferente a las erogaciones de capital de manera de incentivar las inversiones. Estos incentivos llegaron sin necesidad de recurrir a esos perfeccionamientos sino a través de la mejor manera posible: el crecimiento económico y el consiguiente aumento de los recursos disponibles. Como consecuencia de esto la región ha comenzado a aumentar sus niveles de inversión pública, pero en niveles que por ahora solo permiten equiparar o superar ligeramente registros de mediados de los 90, los que ya eran muy modestos. El sector privado por su parte también estaría siguiendo esta trayectoria, pero solo en determinados proyectos y países. De hecho, los países del Sudeste Asiático, por lo menos hasta fines de 2006, han desplazado a América Latina como destino principal de las inversiones privadas en infraestructura. Agotado el proceso de privatizaciones de los años noventa, las asociaciones públicas privadas son actualmente un mecanismo de mayor importancia que disponen los gobiernos y el sector privado para crear nueva infraestructura.
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CEPAL
Serie Macroeconomía del Desarrollo
Enero 2009
De todas las formas de inversión, la inversión en infraestructura reviste particular interés puesto que condiciona y se adelanta en el tiempo a las inversiones privadas en otros sectores. Los servicios de infraestructura tales como la energía eléctrica, los transportes, las telecomunicaciones, el abastecimiento de agua y el saneamiento son fundamentales para las
actividades de las unidades familiares y la producción económica. Proporcionar servicios de infraestructura que satisfagan las demandas de las empresas y de las familias es una de las tareas más importantes de desarrollo económico y es una responsabilidad de los gobiernos que esto se pueda llevar a cabo.
Desde diferentes ámbitos, tanto académicos, políticos como de expertos en el tema, se coincide en que actualmente la inversión en infraestructura en América Latina es baja en comparación con otros países en desarrollo. Se sostiene que el dinamismo de la economía y del comercio exterior que verifica la región desde el 2002 ha puesto en evidencia las deficiencias de la dotación de infraestructura de la región.
Al respecto, una de las conclusiones de este trabajo es que el producto de la región sería actualmente tan intensivo en infraestructura como lo era en los años ochenta. Con variaciones, en función del sector que se trate, los latinoamericanos dispondrían actualmente, con excepción en el sector telecomunicaciones, una dotación de infraestructura para el transporte y la generación de energía eléctrica similar a la existente en esos años. Este escenario, si es per se preocupante, se agrava si se tiene en cuenta la mejora que está experimentado la región en su economía y muy particularmente en su comercio. En efecto, para que estas mejoras se mantengan y se profundicen se requiere, entre otras cosas, una dotación de infraestructura que las acompañe y las incentive. En tal sentido, las deficiencias en materia de infraestructura aparecerían hoy como uno de los principales condicionantes para el crecimiento sostenido en América Latina.
Los indicadores elaborados que sostienen esta conclusión indican que la región inició el nuevo milenio transitando históricamente niveles mínimos de inversión en infraestructura. Esta situación no pasó desapercibida en los países de la región, los que bajo distintos argumentos propusieron un perfeccionamiento de los instrumentos de control fiscal y presupuestario que dieran un tratamiento diferente a las erogaciones de capital de manera de incentivar las inversiones. Estos incentivos llegaron sin necesidad de recurrir a esos perfeccionamientos sino a través de la mejor manera posible: el crecimiento económico y el consiguiente aumento de los recursos disponibles. Como consecuencia de esto la región ha comenzado a aumentar sus niveles de inversión pública, pero en niveles que por ahora solo permiten equiparar o superar ligeramente registros de mediados de los 90, los que ya eran muy modestos. El sector privado por su parte también estaría siguiendo esta trayectoria, pero solo en determinados proyectos y países. De hecho, los países del Sudeste Asiático, por lo menos hasta fines de 2006, han desplazado a América Latina como destino principal de las inversiones privadas en infraestructura. Agotado el proceso de privatizaciones de los años noventa, las asociaciones públicas privadas son actualmente un mecanismo de mayor importancia que disponen los gobiernos y el sector privado para crear nueva infraestructura.
Bajar documento
Thursday, June 23, 2011
Paraguay: Análisis del sector transporte
CAF
Infraestructura - Informes sectoriales
Diciembre 2009
El presente informe contiene una breve descripción y análisis del sector transporte en Paraguay, con el fin de presentar sus fortalezas y debilidades, identificar las políticas de gestión a corto y mediano plazo, examinar el marco institucional del sector y conocer las principales cadenas logísticas. Adicionalmente, hace referencia a la participación del país en la Iniciativa
para la Integración Regional Suramericana (IIRSA).
La elaboración del documento se ha apoyado principalmente en los análisis y conclusiones contenidas en el estudio Programa de Fortalecimiento de Instituciones Competentes en Infraestructuras Regionales en Paraguay, así como en el análisis de documentos disponibles y entrevistas con funcionarios responsables de la planificación, gestión y ejecución de los proyectos del sector.
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Infraestructura - Informes sectoriales
Diciembre 2009
El presente informe contiene una breve descripción y análisis del sector transporte en Paraguay, con el fin de presentar sus fortalezas y debilidades, identificar las políticas de gestión a corto y mediano plazo, examinar el marco institucional del sector y conocer las principales cadenas logísticas. Adicionalmente, hace referencia a la participación del país en la Iniciativa
para la Integración Regional Suramericana (IIRSA).
La elaboración del documento se ha apoyado principalmente en los análisis y conclusiones contenidas en el estudio Programa de Fortalecimiento de Instituciones Competentes en Infraestructuras Regionales en Paraguay, así como en el análisis de documentos disponibles y entrevistas con funcionarios responsables de la planificación, gestión y ejecución de los proyectos del sector.
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Monday, June 6, 2011
Appropriate Financial Instruments for Public-Private Partnership to Boost Cross-Border Infrastructural Development-EU Experience
Willem van der Geest and Jorge Nunez-Ferrer
Asian Development Bank Institute
Working paper 281
May 2011
The member states of the European Union (EU) and the EU institutions have increasingly been using public-private partnerships (PPPs) to accelerate the development of (ambitious) trans-national infrastructure. This paper argues that in the EU (i) private sector partners remain risk-averse; and (ii) risk-pooling across a larger number of tax-payers tends to reduce the cost of risk to zero, making EU funds highly desirable and sought after for public infrastructure development. This paper argues that private equity has not been forthcoming to the extent that had been expected by those propagating this method of finance. In those instances where private non-publicly guaranteed resources have been used, the distribution of risks between public and private partners remained asymmetric, with public governmental bodies carrying the financial risks, which ultimately may become a contingent liability for the country's public finances. However, EU and European Investment Bank (EIB) public funding is used not simply because the risks are spread more widely, but rather because EU rules and regulations for using such funds lead to better preparation of projects and greater efficiency gains in project implementation and delivery.
URL
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Asian Development Bank Institute
Working paper 281
May 2011
The member states of the European Union (EU) and the EU institutions have increasingly been using public-private partnerships (PPPs) to accelerate the development of (ambitious) trans-national infrastructure. This paper argues that in the EU (i) private sector partners remain risk-averse; and (ii) risk-pooling across a larger number of tax-payers tends to reduce the cost of risk to zero, making EU funds highly desirable and sought after for public infrastructure development. This paper argues that private equity has not been forthcoming to the extent that had been expected by those propagating this method of finance. In those instances where private non-publicly guaranteed resources have been used, the distribution of risks between public and private partners remained asymmetric, with public governmental bodies carrying the financial risks, which ultimately may become a contingent liability for the country's public finances. However, EU and European Investment Bank (EIB) public funding is used not simply because the risks are spread more widely, but rather because EU rules and regulations for using such funds lead to better preparation of projects and greater efficiency gains in project implementation and delivery.
URL
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Tuesday, May 10, 2011
Conferencia Regional Asociacion Publico - Privado en el desarrollo de Infraestructura
Honduras
Setiembre 2007
Nuevos Esquemas de Financiamiento - Marco Antonio Cuadra
Definición y Fundamentos de una Asociación Público Privada - Mauricio Cárdenas Ortiz
Estudio para el Fortalecimiento Regional del Marco Legal, Regulatorio e Institucional para Concesiones Viales en los Paises del Plan Puebla Panamá (–SIECA-)
La experiencia de PROINVERSION - Rene Cornejo
Participación Privada en Infraestructura: El Caso Colombiano - Ricardo Lara
El papel del sector privado en el financiamiento de infraestructura pública - Mario Cornejo
Empresas Públicas de Medellín - Luis Guillermo Vélez Álvarez - Epm
Bechtel Enterprises - Inversiones en Latinoamérica
Asociación Público-Privado en el Desarrollo de Infraestructura - PNUD
Conclusiones de la Conferencia
Ir a las presentaciones
Setiembre 2007
Nuevos Esquemas de Financiamiento - Marco Antonio Cuadra
Definición y Fundamentos de una Asociación Público Privada - Mauricio Cárdenas Ortiz
Estudio para el Fortalecimiento Regional del Marco Legal, Regulatorio e Institucional para Concesiones Viales en los Paises del Plan Puebla Panamá (–SIECA-)
La experiencia de PROINVERSION - Rene Cornejo
Participación Privada en Infraestructura: El Caso Colombiano - Ricardo Lara
El papel del sector privado en el financiamiento de infraestructura pública - Mario Cornejo
Empresas Públicas de Medellín - Luis Guillermo Vélez Álvarez - Epm
Bechtel Enterprises - Inversiones en Latinoamérica
Asociación Público-Privado en el Desarrollo de Infraestructura - PNUD
Conclusiones de la Conferencia
Ir a las presentaciones
Thursday, January 13, 2011
Urban Mobility
IRF Bulletin - Special Edition
August 2010
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August 2010
Sustainable urban mobility policies and plans place the emphasis on transportation systems that are more benign in terms of their impacts on the environment. They notably promote non-motorised means (walking and cycling) and public transportation, and also aim to reduce the use of private motor vehicles. The measures implemented represent a mixture of physical changes and user information systems that are designed to reduce traffic volumes and emissions, increase accessibility, improve safety, change travel habits and provide a better quality of life for all citizens. Urban mobility measures, therefore, fundamentally involve changing behaviour.
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Wednesday, January 5, 2011
El nuevo desafío de las concesiones de obras públicas en Chile: Hacia una mayor eficiencia y desarrollo institucional
Eduardo Bitran y Marcelo Villena
Estudios Públicos Nº 117 2010
Presentación
Comentarios
URL
Paper
Estudios Públicos Nº 117 2010
Existe abundante literatura sobre los beneficios y la evolución de los modelos de concesión tanto en Latinoamérica como en Chile, advirtiéndose el rol que pueden tener las empresas privadas en la provisión de bienes públicos. También hay relativo consenso respecto de cuáles son las principales fallas y riesgos tanto en el diseño de los mecanismos de concesión como en su operación. Entre otros, destacan los problemas de renegociación de obras adicionales, de riesgo de hold-up del Estado, de selección de proyectos sin la rentabilidad social requerida, de inadecuada distribución de riesgos, de contabilidad fiscal inadecuada de la inversión pública pagada en forma diferida y de mecanismos inapropiados de solución de controversias. Sin embargo, no hay mucha literatura de cómo enfrentar estos problemas a partir de un mejoramiento en el marco legal y diseño institucional, en el ámbito de las regulaciones y procedimientos que afectan a las asociaciones público-privadas de un país. El presente artículo aborda esta problemática basado en la experiencia chilena, sin duda una de las más exitosas en la región tanto por el clima para la inversión y su eficiencia operacional, como por la generación de proyectos. A partir de un análisis de las distintas etapas que ha vivido el proceso de concesiones chileno, se señalan medidas de acción concretas que deberían dar vida a un nuevo impulso en el marco de las concesiones en el país, velando por reglas del juego claras y expeditas que apunten a maximizar el bienestar de la sociedad chilena y a evitar la desacreditación del sistema.
Presentación
Comentarios
URL
Paper
Infraestructura pública y participación privada: conceptos y experiencias en América y España
CAF
2010
Contenido:
Introducción
Infraestructura en la integración regional
El desafío de financiar infraestructura: aplicación al caso español
Modelos de financiación de infraestructura
El modelo de Participación Público-Privada
La concesión de infraestructura
La concesión de obras públicas en España
Experiencias en América
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2010
La publicación que el lector tiene en sus manos recoge los conceptos y experiencias en el desarrollo de infraestructura pública y participación privada en América y España. El documento examina una variedad de modelos de gestión en diferentes contextos sociales y económicos, y constituye una importante referencia para los involucrados en la concepción y ejecución de políticas públicas
Contenido:
Introducción
Infraestructura en la integración regional
El desafío de financiar infraestructura: aplicación al caso español
Modelos de financiación de infraestructura
El modelo de Participación Público-Privada
La concesión de infraestructura
La concesión de obras públicas en España
Experiencias en América
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Friday, October 8, 2010
La Regulación de la Infraestructura de Transporte en el Perú: Lecciones y Agenda Pendiente
Juan Carlos Zevallos U.
Revista de regulación en infraestructura del transporte
Organismo supervisor de la inversión en infraestructura de transporte de uso público - OSITRAN
Año 1 volumen 1 Julio 2008
p.10-38
Access the document
Revista de regulación en infraestructura del transporte
Organismo supervisor de la inversión en infraestructura de transporte de uso público - OSITRAN
Año 1 volumen 1 Julio 2008
p.10-38
El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en realizar un balance del proceso regulatorio seguido en el sector de infraestructura de transporte bajo el ámbito del OSITRAN, para rescatar las principales lecciones e identificar los retos pendientes de la institución, y definir una agenda pendiente de mediano y largo plazo, en aras de velar mejor por los intereses de los inversionistas, usuarios, y hacerlo de forma transparente y justa.
Después de 10 años de experiencia en la regulación del sector, se pueden mencionar como lecciones: la importancia de contar con un margo legal y regulatorio claro y preciso; la necesidad de que el OSITRAN participe en el diseño de los Contratos de Concesión, en los procesos de licitación y tenga una mayor interacción con la agencia de competencia (INDECOPI); los beneficios que representan la incorporación de mecanismos de incentivos en dichos contratos y la existencia de los Consejos de Usuarios. Identificadas las lecciones, se propone la siguiente agenda: una mayor difusión de la cultura regulatoria, y fortalecimiento de la independencia, autonomía y capacidad del OSITRAN; apuntar a un marco regulatorio que mitigue las asimetrías de información entre empresas reguladas y el regulador, y que concentre esfuerzos hacia una regulación por incentivos; incrementar las sinergias con la agencia de competencia; y prestar atención a los retos que demanda la multimodalidad en materia regulatoria.
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