Estimación del valor del tiempo de los ocupantes de los vehículos que circulan por la red carretera de México, 2011

Guillermo Torres y Salvador Hernández
NOTAS núm. 129, MARZO-ABRIL 2011, artículo 1
Instituto Mexicano del Transporte

En 2004, el Instituto Mexicano del Transporte (IMT) inició la publicación de una estimación del valor del tiempo de los ocupantes de los vehículos que circulan por la red carretera de México (Torres y Díaz, 2004), con base en una metodología de cálculo cuyas principales variables explicativas son el salario mínimo general vigente (SMG), el número de horas laboradas por semana por la población ocupada con ingreso (POI) y el monto del ingreso percibido, expresado en Salarios mínimos generales promedio (SMGP).

Los valores publicados han sido tomados como referencia por las áreas operativas de la Subsecretaría de Infraestructura de la SCT para la evaluación de proyectos carreteros, asimismo, la metodología ha sido utilizada por investigadores y profesionales del Sector que han elaborado otros trabajos relacionados con el valor social del tiempo, como el publicado por El Trimestre Económico en su número 297 (enero-marzo de 2008), el cual tomó como referencia importante dicho artículo publicado en 2004 en el boletín NOTAS del IMT para la estimación del costo de oportunidad social del tiempo de los usuarios del aeropuerto de la Ciudad de México

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High-Speed Rail in America

America 2050
Jan 2011

A new study released today by America 2050 identifies the high-speed rail corridors with the greatest potential to attract ridership in each of the nation's megaregions. Corridors connecting populous regions with large job centers, rail transit networks, and existing air markets scored best. The study also recommends that the federal government adopt a quantitative approach to evaluating future investment in high-speed rail.

The 56-page study, entitled, "High-Speed Rail in America," cites ridership potential as the number one factor in determining if a corridor is suitable for investment, identifies the specific conditions that generate ridership demand, and scores each corridor according to strength in those areas. The top performing corridors in each region determined to have the greatest potential demand for high-speed rail ridership include corridors such as: New York-Washington, DC; Chicago-Milwaukee; Los Angeles-San Diego; Tampa (via Orlando) to Miami; Dallas-Houston; Atlanta-Birmingham; Portland-Seattle; and Denver-Pueblo.

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The Cost of Being Landlocked

Arvis, Jean Francois; Marteau, Jean-Francois; Raballand, Gael
World Bank
July 2010

This book proposes a new analytical framework to interpret and model the constraints faced by logistics chains in landlocked countries. The case of LLDCs has naturally received special attention for decades, including a specific set of development priorities based on the idea of dependence over the transit state. In this context, efforts to tackle the cost of being landlocked have been mainly directed to ensure or facilitate freedom of transit through regional/multilateral conventions, and to develop regional transport infrastructure. In contrast, analysis of service delivery constraints has been seriously neglected and could explain the disappointing implementation of regional transit agreements and massive investments in corridors for exports diversification in landlocked economies.

Based on extensive data collection in several regions of the world, this book argues that although landlocked developing countries do face high logistics costs, these do not result from poor road infrastructure –contrary to conventional wisdom-since transport prices mainly depend on trucking market structure and organization. In turn, high logistics costs depend on low logistics reliability and predictability, which are sensitive to rent-seeking and governance issues.

This volume proposes three types of measures with the largest potential gains in total logistics costs: (i) measures to increase supply chain predictability and to reduce hedging costs, (ii) measures to enhance best practices in governance, in order to phase out rent-seeking activities and therefore overhead logistics costs, (iii) reforms to increase efficiency in market structure.

Hence, in practical terms supply chain predictability and performance might be improved by pursuing the following initiatives: (i) enhancing initiation of transit at the gateway or port through a streamlined transit regime, preferably using IT and based on quality and risk assessment system; (ii) improving clearance at destination; (iii) boosting market competition, by dismantling anticompetitive practices and upgrading entry requirements based on compliance and quality standards; (iv) re-engineering of transit regimes.

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Paper anterior:
World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4258
Junio 2007

Climate Change and Urban Transportation in Latin America: An Analysis of Recent Projects

Carolyn McAndrews, Elizabeth Deakin and Lee Schipper

Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2010 (89th)
Paper #10-2225

Abstract:

Urban transportation investments present an opportunity to mitigate climate change while supporting effective, clean, safe, and equitable transportation. In this paper, the authors discuss how a set of urban transportation investments in Latin America responds to the issue of climate change. The authors analyzed a sample of recent transportation projects funded by an international bank to learn what kinds of infrastructure, plans, and policies are being pursued, and to assess whether projects developed specifically to address climate change differ from other projects. Loans and grants supported a mix of infrastructure for transit, bicycles, and pedestrians, as well as institutional strengthening. While only a few projects explicitly addressed climate change mitigation, their impacts on mode choice and urban development almost surely have positive effects compared to what would happen without them. In some cases, however, funding for road construction at the urban fringe may induce outward urban expansion and greater auto use. Specifically analyzing the carbon consequences of all projects, as well as their combined effects in the overall system, would provide better ability to track and take credit for carbon mitigation and also could flag potential problem areas.

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Travel Surveys

A1D10: Committee on Travel Survey Methods
Chairman: Elaine Murakami, Federal Highway Administration
TRB

ROBERT GRIFFITHS, Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments
A. J. RICHARDSON, University of Sydney, Australia
MARTIN E. H. LEE-GOSSELIN, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada

Travel surveys will continue to be one of the most important ways of obtaining the critical information needed for transportation planning and decision making in the new millennium. Not only will these surveys be used to gather current information about the demographic, socioeconomic, and trip-making characteristics of individuals and households, but they will also be used to further our understanding of travel in relation to the choice, location, and scheduling of daily activities. This will enable us to enhance our travel forecasting methods and improve our ability to predict changes in daily travel patterns in response to current social and economic trends and new investments in transportation systems and services. These travel surveys will also play a role in evaluating changes in transportation supply and regulation as they occur.

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Best Practices in Transit Service Planning

Mark Mistretta, Jay A. Goodwill, Rob Gregg, and Christopher DeAnnuntis
National center for transit research
Center for urban transportation research
University of South Florida
March 2009

The provision of cost efficient and effective bus transit service is the basic premise upon which transit service is developed and the goal that all public transportation agencies strive to achieve. To attain this goal, public transit agencies must design their services around clear and defined principles, as well as a process to monitor the results achieved and to respond accordingly. This requires service design standards, an effective performance measurement system, and a systematic and continuous service evaluation methodology.

This research identifies existing best practices in transit service planning and develops a generic model approach that could be adapted and used by public transit agencies for fixed route bus transit service planning, specifically to include Service Design Standards, Service Performance Measurements, and a standard Service Evaluation Methodology. This research effort provides a summary of best practices and provides a "template" process tool that can be adapted and customized for use by all sizes of public transit agencies.

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