Strategy 2030: Maritime trade and transport logistics

Hamburg Institute of International Economics
Berenberg Bank
2006

Maritime Trade and Transport Logistics
HWWI (Part A)
Perspectives for maritime trade – Cargo shipping and port economics
Berenberg Bank (Part B)
Perspectives of maritime trade and transport logistics – Strategies for companies and investors

Global economic development in the past decades has been characterized by a rapidly progressing intensification in world trade and international division of labor. In recent decades, as a result of the expansive development of international merchandise trade, cargo shipping has been one of the fastest growing economic sectors. The progressive global integration processes, the future reduction in trade barriers, and the expected increase in prosperity in numerous regions of the world will also call for a marked expansion in world trade and cargo shipping. This designates maritime logistics as an economic sector with favorable perspectives for development. The present study – using as a starting point a forecast of the development of world trade up to the year 2030 – deals with development trends in cargo shipping and the related impact on ports in the European trade areas.

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Estudio de costos y sobrecostos de la cadena de servicios logísticos en los terminales portuarios de uso público

Autoridad Portuaria Nacional
Noviembre 2011

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue la determinación de los procesos y cuantificación de costos y sobrecostos a los que se enfrentan los dueños/consignatarios de la carga en la cadena logística de distribución física de mercancías, correspondiente al ámbito portuario, que permitan fortalecer las obligaciones de la APN y establecer políticas de desarrollo portuario para fortalecer la competitividad de los terminales portuarios de uso público y del comercio exterior peruano.

El estudio ha analizado los terminales portuarios del Callao, Paita, Salaverry, General San Martín, Ilo y Matarani.

Presentación del estudio
Parte I
Parte II
Parte III

El alza del precio del petróleo y su impacto en los fletes marítimos de productos exportados por Chile en contenedores

Sebastián Faúndez, Nanno Mulder, Gabriel Pérez Salas y Ricardo J. Sánchez
CEPAL
Serie Recursos Naturales e Infraestructura
Nº 151
Abril de 2011

El presente estudio analiza el impacto del alza del petróleo en el costo del flete de los principales productos exportados por Chile por vía marítima y que van en contenedores. Para ello, propone un modelo econométrico capaz de aislar la incidencia del precio del petróleo sobre los costos de transporte marítimo de contenedores, con el cual se analiza la información son los documentos únicos de salida (DUS) para el período 2001-2008. Durante 2007 y la primera mitad de 2008, que fue la antesala de la crisis económica mundial y donde se observó un brusco incremento del valor del precio del petróleo.

El modelo propuesto toma en cuenta la acción de la oferta y la demanda en la determinación del flete de contenedores en servicios regulares. Además corrige problemas de especificación observados en algunos modelos de la literatura tradicional, al rescatar los efectos fijos y constantes no medibles para una ruta/producto y considerar debidamente las economías de red al realizar un análisis costa a costa entre orígenes y destinos del comercio y no puerto a puerto, como es lo usual. El documento demuestra para el período analizado, que si bien el aumento de precio en el petróleo repercutió en los fletes pagados por las exportaciones chilenas, su participación fue menor a lo esperado, entorno al 30%. Lo que indica que hay otros factores que incidieron más fuertemente en la determinación de los fletes.

Los autores proponen un conjunto de acciones en el ámbito público para aliviar los efectos de los cambios en los fletes, entre los que destacan reformas en la políticas de provisión de infraestructura, los regímenes regulatorios del transporte, el fomento de la logística, la construcción de capacidades, la reducción de las asimetrías de información, la facilitación del comercio trans-fronterizo y el desarrollo de infraestructuras multimodales, entre otros aspectos.

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Clarifying trade costs in maritime transport

OECD
March 2011

This paper is intended to inform Delegations on the newly compiled OECD Maritime Transport Cost database and provides an overview of some salient characteristics of the structure and evolutions in maritime transport as they may impact trade. It is made available more widely as a
background paper to the database.

This paper is part of a project that aims to improve understanding of the factors contributing to trade costs by examining maritime transport costs and their impacts on trade. The present paper represents a preliminary part of the project: it describes the maritime transport sector and some of the determinants of shipping costs, and outlines the methodology, describes the data, and underlines some of the limitations of an extensive new database compiled on maritime transport rates. This dataset is used in a number of companion papers to examine the impact of transport costs on trade. Maritime transport matters. Ninety percent of world trade by volume is carried by ship. Maritime traffic in 2007 was almost double its 2003 level. Operation of merchant ships generated an estimated annual income approaching US$ 380 billion in 2007, equivalent to about five percent of total world trade.

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Also:
Maritime Transport Costs database (OECD.Stat Extracts)
Consult OECD data for maritime transport costs between trading partner countries and for specific commodities. N.B. This dataset should be used in conjunction with the paper Clarifying Trade Costs in Maritime Transport (see below) which outlines methodology, data coverage and caveats to its use.

To What Extent Are High-Quality Logistics Services Trade Facilitating?

OECD
March 2011

Trade logistics facilitate trade. Quality logistics services play an important role in facilitating the transportation of international trade in goods: inefficient logistics services impede trade by imposing an extra cost in terms of time as well as money. As developed nations shift from traditional manufacturing and agriculture and are increasingly engaging in international vertical specialization, the need for efficient logistics services becomes ever more important. High quality logistics services improve the competitiveness of a country’s exports by reducing the cost involved in transporting goods – especially for countries that are disadvantaged by being far from major markets. This paper investigates the role that trade logistics play in the volume and value of international trade and the extent to which poor quality logistics constitute a barrier to trade. It examines the different impact of logistics quality on goods that are transported by sea and by air. The differentiated impact of trade logistics such as infrastructure on low, middle and higher-income countries is analysed.

URL

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Impact of transport and logistics on Nicaragua's trade competitiveness

CARANA Corporation
USAID
January 2004

This preliminary report is part of a research effort conducted under the Trade Enhancement Service Sector (TESS) project, under contract for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in Washington, DC. (Contract No. PCE-I-07-97-00014).

The TESS Project is intended to encourage and support enhancement of the trade and service sectors to promote economic development and country competitiveness. Specifically, the project provides technical support in advancing the understanding of constraints and competition in services sectors, such as transportation, and in developing and disseminating best practices for liberalization and enhancing systematic efficiency. More information can be found at CARANA

The Nicaragua case study is the first of four case studies to be conducted throughout the course of the project. It was completed by Santiago Sedaca, Team Leader; Nimish Jhaveri, International Logistics Management Consultant; and Karen Adair, International Transport and Customs Consultant. Amanda Fonseca, a local research economist, and the Nicaragua-based transportation consulting firm, CONSULMAR, provided support.

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Índice del transporte terrestre de cargas y propuestas de reducción de sobrecostos del comercio internacional del Paraguay

CARANA Corporation
CNCSP
USAID
Marzo de 2007

En el estudio Impacto del Transporte y la logística en el Comercio Internacional del Paraguay, elaborado para la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID), por Carana Corporation. durante el año 2006 en colaboración con la Cámara Nacional de Comercio y Servicios de Paraguay (CNCSP), se identificó el impacto de diferentes sobrecostos existentes que impactan negativamente en el Comercio Exterior del Paraguay por la aplicación de prácticas burocráticas desactualizadas e innecesarias.

Como una continuación de los estudios realizados, el presente trabajo, sintetiza los resultados de esta segunda fase del estudio del Impacto del Transporte y la Logística en el Comercio Internacional del Paraguay. El presente componente tiene como objeto profundizar los resultados ya obtenidos, complementar los análisis y herramientas respectivas, capacitar a la contraparte para su autosuficiencia en el manejo de estas herramientas y proponer medidas de cambio, que posibiliten el logro de un mejoramiento en la eficiencia del transporte y la logística en el inmediato plazo.

En base a lo arriba indicado, se está procediendo a fortalecer la capacidad de la Cámara Nacional de Comercio y Servicios del Paraguay, a través del Foro de Transporte y Logística, para que el esfuerzo que se ha hecho sea sustentable y no esté estrictamente vinculado a la asistencia de organismos de cooperación. Este fortalecimiento, se ha basado en desarrollar una labor integrada de una mayoría de técnicos locales con los especialistas internacionales.

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Freight Transportation: The Latin American market

International Technology Exchange Program - FHWA
August 2003

Latin America is a key trading region for the United States, Canada, and Mexico, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) countries. The Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and National Cooperative Highway Research Program sponsored a scanning study to examine characteristics of trade flows between NAFTA and Latin American countries and learn how countries handle trade-related transportation infrastructure, border crossings, and freight security.

The delegation observed that while the countries visited —Bahamas, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Panama, and Mexico— depend heavily on trade, the economic downturn has aggravated financial and infrastructure challenges in those countries and limited trade expansion. Ports are major centers of trade for the countries, and the Panama Canal is emerging as the region’s most strategic facility for NAFTA countries.

The scanning team’s recommendations include continued monitoring of the Latin American market and the impact of trade on transportation infrastructure. The team also recommends that NAFTA countries work closely with Latin American countries and port authorities to coordinate border crossing and freight security strategies.

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Global Enabling Trade Report 2010

World Economic Forum



Singapore and Hong Kong SAR continue to occupy the top two positions followed by Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland in the The Global Enabling Trade Report 2010, released today by the World Economic Forum. New Zealand, Norway, Canada, Luxembourg and the Netherlands complete the top-10 list. Among the large economies, Germany is the best performer at 13th, ahead of the United States, which drops by three places to 19th. China (48th) and Brazil (87th) remain stable, while Turkey (62nd), India (84th) and Russia (114th) drop in the ranking.

The results mirror the resilience against the threat of protectionism during the economic crisis. International agreements such the WTO framework and pledges by the G20 have contributed to limiting the effect of protectionist pressures on trade barriers. Despite fears of rising protectionism, the report confirms that a large majority of countries did not raise trade barriers. Launched at a time when trade volumes recover from the deepest post-war slump, the report, by identifying the obstacles to and enablers of trade across countries, can contribute to strengthening the recovery. As countries enable trade, they also provide benefits to their trade partners, thereby supporting economic growth.

Published for the third year in a row and covering 125 economies worldwide, the report presents a resource for dialogue and provides a yardstick of the extent to which economies have in place the necessary attributes for enabling trade and where improvements are most needed.

The Enabling Trade Index was developed within the context of the Forum’s Industry Partnership Programme for the Logistics and Transport sector, in close collaboration with the project’s data partners.

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La industria del transporte marítimo y las crisis económicas

CEPAL
Georgina Cipoletta Tomassian
Ricardo J. Sánchez
Diciembre 2009

El 2009 fue un año que golpeó muy fuertemente al sector marítimo portuario, mundial y regionalmente. Un nuevo documento de CEPAL, Naciones Unidas, elaborado por Ricardo J. Sánchez y Georgina Cipoletta Tomassian, analiza las principales crisis económicas desde 1970 a la fecha, poniendo en paralelo los efectos sobre la industria marítima, tanto desde el punto de vista de la demanda de transporte marítimo, como de la oferta (la flota operativa y la proyectada).

Los antecedentes mencionados sirven como referencia para comenzar a analizar los efectos de la última crisis, iniciada a mediados de 2008, presentándose los principales indicadores de la industria desde aquel momento hasta finales del 2009.

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America’s Container Ports: Freight Hubs That Connect Our Nation to Global Markets

U.S. Department of Transportation - Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA)
June 2009



This report provides an overview of the movement of maritime freight handled by the nation’s container seaports in 2008 and summarizes trends in maritime freight movement since 1995. It covers the impact of the recent U.S. and global economic downturn on U.S. port container traffic, trends in container throughput, concentration of containerized cargo at the top U.S. ports, regional shifts in cargo handled, vessel calls and capacity in ports, the rankings of U.S. ports among the world’s top ports, and the number of maritime container entries into the United States relative to truck and rail containers. The report also presents snapshots of landside access to container ports, port security initiatives, and ongoing maritime environmental issues.

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Boletín Marítimo

Nº 38
CEPAL
Julio 2009

Como continuidad de los boletines anteriores (ver enlaces relacionados al final de la noticia), en esta ocasión se presenta una actualización de la información correspondiente a los mercados marítimos a Junio del 2009, después de la crisis iniciada a mediados de 2008.

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Mexico Competitiveness Report

World Economic Forum
June 2009



The World Economic Forum released The Mexico Competitiveness Report 2009, the first ever study of its kind for Mexico. The findings of the Report are being presented and discussed at the Mexico Competitiveness Workshop on June 22nd 2009 in Mexico City, jointly organized by the World Economic Forum and the Secretariat of the Economy of Mexico.

Using the methodology of the Global Competitiveness Index and the latest thinking in competitiveness research, The Mexico Competitiveness Report 2009 provides a comprehensive assessment of the country’s current competitiveness landscape, highlighting strengths and problematic areas.

The Report is the result of a collaboration between the World Economic Forum and Harvard University, and includes selected contributions written by leading Harvard University's academics exploring key issues related to Mexico's competitiveness ahead. Among these: a growth diagnostics for the country, climate change impact, NAFTA and its impact on the US labour market, small and medium firms lending, and education.

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Honduras - Enhancing Competitiveness : Trade Facilitation and Productivity Improvement Project

Integrated safeguards datasheet
APPRAISAL STAGE
World Bank
June 2009

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Comercio exterior en cifras

ALADI
Boletín electrónico Nº 9
Abril 2009

La novena entrega del boletín incluye dos notas. En la primera se presenta un panorama sobre los efectos que la crisis internacional está teniendo sobre los flujos de comercio exterior de los países miembros de la ALADI. Esta información es parte del esfuerzo de seguimiento que la Secretaría General está haciendo de esta temática, que incluye además la elaboración, en conjunto con los países, de propuestas que permitan alcanzar soluciones concertadas a los desafíos que plantea una crisis de esta magnitud.

En este sentido, cabe destacar que está prevista la realización en el mes de abril, en la sede de ALADI, de un “Seminario para la dinamización del Convenio de Pagos y Créditos Recíprocos y el uso de los sistemas de pagos en monedas locales”.

En la segunda nota, como es tradicional en estos boletines, se informa sobre los principales avances en materia de acuerdos suscritos en el ámbito de la ALADI, presentando los nuevos instrumentos suscritos y las nuevas vigencias durante el último trimestre del año 2008. Esta información complementa la presen-tada en los tres números anteriores y en conjunto permiten la descripción de lo ocurrido en dicho año.

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Guía logística y de comercio exterior 2008-2009

Mercosoft Consultores

Única publicación temática, de distribución regional, declarada de Interés Nacional por Presidencia de la República Oriental del Uruguay

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Guía de errores en Transporte y Logística

Cámaras de Comercio, Industria y Navegación de España

El mundo del transporte internacional es complejo. En él intervienen numerosos actores, tanto en transporte y logística, como en aduanas y fiscalidad de diferentes países.

El exportador y, sobre todo, principalmente aquellos nuevos exportadores que comienzan su proceso de internacionalización, deben enfrentarse a ese mundo, , lo que provoca gastos innecesarios y errores que pueden entorpecer el camino recién iniciado.

Esta Guía no sólo es útil para empresas que se inician en la exportación, sirve igualmente para aquellos más avezados en sus contactos en el exterior.

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Strategic Choice of Freight Mode and Investments in Transport Infrastructure within Production Networks

Asian Development Bank Institute
March 2009

In the context of production linkages in which downstream producers require freight services provided by transport operators, the author shows that the strategic choice of using an alternative transport mode does not necessarily induce lower access charges, relative to the standard transport mode. Additionally, he shows that the nature of infrastructure investment determines the share of final goods delivery by the alternative transport mode. An immediate implication is that interactions among infrastructure investments; building transportation capacity costs; and industry-specific characteristics should be carefully assessed when planning transport infrastructure investments to enhance competitiveness in export markets.

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Regional Cooperation, Infrastructure, and Trade Costs

Asian Development Bank Institute
December 2008

International trade has played an essential role in Asia's remarkable growth, development, and integration in recent decades. Infrastructure, both hard and soft, has played an integral part in facilitating that trade, primarily through reducing the associated transaction costs. Regional coordination and cooperation can help to reduce negative externalities from trade and to capitalize more fully on positive spillover effects. This study explores the nexus between Asia's trade flows and patterns, trade costs and how they are influenced by infrastructure development, and the role of regional cooperation in facilitating trade's contribution to economic integration. A virtuous circle between growth, infrastructure investment, trade expansion, and regional integration is elucidated.

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