Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication

UNEP
November 2011

The Green Economy Report is compiled by UNEP’s Green Economy Initiative in collaboration with economists and experts worldwide. It demonstrates that the greening of economies is not generally a drag on growth but rather a new engine of growth; that it is a net generator of decent jobs, and that it is also a vital strategy for the elimination of persistent poverty. The report also seeks to motivate policy makers to create the enabling conditions for increased investments in a transition to a green economy.

Selected chapters from part II: Investing in energy and resource efficiency

Transport
This chapter examines the role of transport in a green economy. Drawing on the Avoid, Shift and Improve strategy, it highlights the challenges and opportunities of shifting to a greener transport system. It also examines the various options and conditions required to enable such a transition.

Contents:

• Challenges and opportunities in the transport sector
• Transport in a green economy
• Quantiying the economic implications of green transport
• Enabling conditions

Cities

The chapter makes a case for green cities. It describes the environmental, social and economic consequences of greening urban systems and infrastructure, and provides guidance to policy makers on how to make cities more environmentally friendly. It includes a summary of green practices and looks at the enabling conditions needed foster green cities.

Contents:

• Challenges and opportunities
• The case for greening cities
• Greening urban sectors
• Enabling green cities

Press release

Full doc (43 MB)

Also:

Synthesis for Policy Makers
[French, Portuguese, Spanish]

Distributional effects of the Panama Canal expansion

Author: Bussolo, Maurizio; De Hoyos, Rafael E.; Medvedev, Denis
Policy Research working paper no. WPS 5848
World Bank
October 2011

This paper uses a dynamic macro-micro framework to evaluate the potential distributional effects of the expansion of the Panama Canal. The results show that large macroeconomic effects are only likely during the operations phase (2014 and onward), and income gains are likely to be concentrated at the top of the income distribution. The additional foreign exchange inflows during the construction and operations phases result in the loss of competitiveness of non-Canal sectors (Dutch disease) and in higher domestic prices, which hurt the poorest consumers. In addition, the construction and operation activities increase demand for more educated non-farm formal workers. Although these changes encourage additional labor movement out of agriculture and from the informal to the formal sector, much of the impact is manifested in growing wage disparities and widening income inequality. Using the additional revenues of the Canal expansion in a targeted cash transfer program such as "Red de Oportunidades", the Government of Panama could offset the adverse distributional effects and eradicate extreme poverty.

Bajar documento

World Bank gender transport surveys: An overview

Julie Babinard
Transport Notes Series
TRN-43
September 2011

Between 2008 and 2010 the transport sector initiated several country surveys to measure road transport needs and the constraints of both men and women, and more specifically how transport is facilitating or constraining access to resources, markets, and employment. These surveys were conducted as part of a lending operation or Economic Sector Work (ESW) with financial support from the Gender Action Plan (GAP), which seeks to advance women’s economic empowerment and accelerate the implementation of the Millennium Development Goal 3 (MDG3—promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment).

A report that reviews the methodology used for each country GAP-funded survey, the design and content of the questionnaires and the likely effect on the analysis shows that women tend to have access to a wider range of social and economic opportunities when transportation is available, safe and secure.

Bajar documento

Caracterización de la brecha de infraestructura económica en América Latina y el Caribe

Daniel Perrotti
CEPAL
Boletin FAL No 293 - 1 2001
Enero 2011

La infraestructura económica es el conjunto de estructuras de ingeniería, equipos e instalaciones de larga vida útil vinculadas a los sectores de energía, transporte, telecomunicaciones, agua y saneamiento, las cuales constituyen la base sobre la cual se prestan servicios para los sectores productivos y los hogares. La provisión eficiente y oportuna de estas infraestructuras, tienen efectos positivos sobre el crecimiento económico y social, encontrándose relaciones interesantes entre inversión en infraestructura y mejoras en la equidad social. CEPAL ha llamado la atención de las autoridades regionales sobre el impacto de una inadecuada provisión de infraestructura, ya sea en términos de cantidad o calidad, sobre el desarrollo futuro de América Latina y el Caribe. Este déficit, caracterizado como brecha de infraestructura, requiere de medidas urgentes para elevar los niveles de la inversión, al mismo tiempo que se fortalecen y adecuan los arreglos regulatorios, organizacionales e institucionales vinculados a los servicios de infraestructura, para favorecer un desarrollo inclusivo y sostenible.

Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de esta temática para la región, el presente Boletín, resume los principales hallazgos de un documento de la Unidad de Servicios de Infraestructura de la CEPAL, próximo a publicarse, el cual a partir de una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura especializada, desarrolla y presenta una primera estimación sobre los montos necesarios de inversión para cerrar la brecha de infraestructura económica regional, considerando la demanda estimada para el período 2006-2009.

URL

Bajar documento

Evaluación económica de infraestructuras de transporte

Cuadernos Económicos de ICE N.º 80
Segundo semestre 2010

Presentación
Ginés de Rus

The rationale for economic evaluation in Europe: the case of EU Regional Policy
Andrea Mairate

Intellectual bridges across project evaluation traditions: the contribution of EU Regional Policy
Massimo Florio y Silvia Vignetti

La evaluación de proyectos de inversión en transporte por parte de las instituciones financieras internacionales: la experiencia del Banco Europeo de Inversiones
Mateu Turró

Current debates on the cost-benefit analysis of transport projects in Great Britain
Chris Nash

Aspectos institucionales para potenciar la evaluación social de proyectos en transporte: lecciones de América Latina
Andrés Gómez Lobo y Christian Belmar

La toma de decisiones en la política española de transporte: aportación y limitaciones de la evaluación de proyectos
Ángel Aparicio

On the treatment of taxes in cost-benefit analysis
Per-Olov Johansson

Problemas en la práctica de la evaluación económica de proyectos de transporte
Ofelia Betancor y Javier Campos

La predicción de la demanda en evaluación de proyectos
Mar González-Savignat, Anna Matas y Josep Lluís Raymond

La racionalización de las infraestructuras de transporte en España
Germà Bel

Ver cuaderno

Gender and transport

Chantal Duchene
International Transport Forum
Discussion Paper Nº 2011 - 11
April 2011

This document was produced as background for the 2011 International Transport Forum, on 25-27 May in Leipzig, Germany, on Transport for Society.

While greater account is increasingly being taken of gender in a variety of areas, little progress has been made in this respect in the transport sector. In both developed and developing countries, our societies are gendered in that women and men play different roles, notably because household chores and children are mainly the preserve of women, which reduces the time they have available for activities for which they are responsible and for the trips they need to make in order to perform these activities.

Development, employment and even health policies must take account of the issue of travel. And to do this successfully, it is essential to seek ways in which to incorporate the issue of gender into policies relating to mobility and transport.

At present, it is no longer women’s non-governmental organisations that stress this point, but the community as a whole. It is for this reasons that this theme is now being examined in greater depth by the International Transport Forum which commissioned this report.

The report begins with an overview of the situation, and then presents good practices and a set of recommendations. It addresses both developed and developing countries, urban and rural areas, and infrastructure and services.

Bajar documento

Tarificación vial por congestión para la ciudad de Santiago

Preparado por Steer Davies Gleave
Estudios y Estadísticas
Ministerio de Tranportes y Telecomunicaciones de Chile
Setiembre 2009

El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar desde un punto de vista social la factibilidad técnica y económica de un Proyecto de Tarificación Vial por Congestión para la ciudad de Santiago. Dicho objetivo se enmarca dentro del propósito general de incentivar el uso racional del transporte privado y mitigar las externalidades negativas asociadas a su operación.

Resumen ejecutivo

Bajar documento final

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation - Most cited articles 2007-2009

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation has a 2009 Impact Factor of .750!
Now you can read the most-cited articles from 2007-2009 for free:

D. A. Hensher, Some Insights into the Key Influences on Trip-Chaining Activity and Public Transport Use of Seniors and the Elderly
Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. 53-68.

B.P.Y. Loo, A.S.Y. Chow, Changing Urban Form in Hong Kong: What Are the Challenges on Sustainable Transportation?
Volume 2, Issue 3, pp. 177-193.

R. Cervero, O.L. Sarmiento, E. Jacoby, et al., Influences of Built Environments on Walking and Cycling: Lessons from Bogota
Volume 3, Issue 4, pp. 203-226.

M.G.H. Bell, Mixed Routing Strategies for Hazardous Materials: Decision-Making Under Complete Uncertainty
Volume 1, Issue 2, pp. 133-142.

E.T. Verhoef, H. Mohring, Self-Financing Roads Volume 3, Issue 5-6, pp.293-311.

J. Zacharias, The Nonmotorized Core of Tianjin Volume 1, Issue 4, pp. 231-248.

E. E. Boschmann, M. P. Kwan, Toward Socially Sustainable Urban Transportation: Progress and Potentials
Volume 2, Issue 3, pp. 138-157.

X.L. Guo, H. Yang, Analysis of a Build-Operate-Transfer Scheme for Road Franchising
Volume 3, Issue 5-6, pp. 312-338.

S. Brathen, J. Odeck, Road Funding in Norway: Experiences and Perspectives
Volume 3, Issue 5-6, pp. 373-388.

M. C. Coelho, T.L. Farias, N.M. Rouphail, A Numerical Tool for Estimating Pollutant Emissions and Vehicles Performance in Traffic Interruptions on Urban Corridors
Volume 3, Issue 4, pp. 246-262.

Bajar la lista de enlaces

Social Change and Urban Transport

Sustainable urban transport technical document # 2
Marie Thynell
GTZ
SUTP
October 2009

Despite the growing awareness of the need of sustainability in transport planning, efforts to work on this topic have focused on the environmental and economic aspects, but there have been few projects and initiatives investigating and working upon social aspects of transport, the third of the main pillars of sustainability.

GTZ SUTP has published its Technical Document # 2 titled "Social Change and urban transport" which describes how transport in its social dimension has many intricacies that should be taken into account when analysing existing policies and developing new ones. It provides a description of the main issues to be tackled, the main stakeholders in the local and International/ Multilateral level and it provides some indication as to how to implement social change in transport and gives a brief overview of social impact assessment as an aid in such a process.

The document can be downloaded from here
5.50 MB by registered users. Unregistered users can register here.

Or from Ecoregion: PDF

Peru - Safe and Sustainable Transport SWAp: Indigenous peoples plan

Author: Eduardo Bedoya Garland
World Bank
November 2009

(Vol. 1 of 3) : Plan de la comunidad campesina Nagazu
(Vol. 2 of 3) : Plan de compensacion y reasentamiento involuntario - PACRI
(Vol. 3 of 3) : Plan de la comunidad campesina San Juan de Ocros

Transport Policy special issue: International Perspectives on Transport and Social Exclusion

Transport Policy
Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages 89-142
(July 2009)
Edited by K. Lucas and J. Stanley

Special Issue of the Journal of Transport Policy focusing on International perspectives on transport and social exclusion



3. The usefulness of social exclusion to inform social policy in transport
Pages 90-96
Janet Stanley, Dianne Vella-Brodrick

4. Investigating links between transport disadvantage, social exclusion and well-being in Melbourne—Preliminary results
Pages 97-105
Graham Currie, Tony Richardson, Paul Smyth, Dianne Vella-Brodrick, Julian Hine, Karen Lucas, Janet Stanley, Jenny Morris, Ray Kinnear, John Stanley

5. Growing bus patronage and addressing transport disadvantage—The Melbourne experience
Pages 106-114
Chris Loader, John Stanley

6. Assessing the ‘value’ of new transport initiatives in deprived neighbourhoods in the UK
Pages 115-122
Karen Lucas, Sophie Tyler, Georgina Christodoulou

7. Transport for the transport disadvantaged: A review of service delivery models in New South Wales
Pages 123-129
Helen Battellino

8. Dynamics of transport and social exclusion: Effects of expensive driver's license
Pages 130-139
Tanu Priya, André Uteng

9. Epilogue: Transport policy and social exclusion—Some reflections
Pages 140-142
John Preston


Acceder a la revista

TEN-T planning methodology

Transport & Mobility Leuven
July 8th 2009

Trans-European Transport Network planning methodology

The Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) policy can be considered as the central planning guideline of European transport planning. The objective of the TEN-T policy is to ensure the provision of the EU infrastructure in line with the economic, social and political objectives formulated in the Lisbon Treaty. It is essential to build the missing links and remove the bottlenecks in the European transport infrastructure, whilst at the same time, the sustainability of the transport networks in the future should be ensured.

Acceder al proyecto

Transport Research Series: Evaluation of National Concessionary Travel in Scotland

Scottish Government
May 2009

This evaluation of concessionary travel in Scotland aims to establish the effectiveness of each scheme against their policy objectives and to assess the impacts across a range of measures. The study considers the impact of concessionary travel on behaviour and the extent to which it had impacted positively on social inclusion, modal shift and the establishment of healthier lifestyles among particular groups. The impacts on non-users and transport operators are also considered.

Acceder al documento

Breaking Ground: Engaging Communities in Extractive and Infrastructure Projects

Kirk Herbertson, Maria Athena Ballesteros, Robert Goodland, Isabel Munilla
World Resources Institute
February 2009


WRI analyzed existing community engagement standards and guidance, as well as experiences in several high profile projects. Based on this analysis, WRI developed seven Principles for Effective Community Engagement for extractive and infrastructure projects.

Acceder al documento

Asian Development Bank Technical Note: Social Analysis for Transport Projects

Asian Development Bank
2008

This Technical Note on Social Analysis for Transport Projects is the first of a series on social analysis to help staff and practitioners prepare and implement social analysis for different types of projects. It provides practical guidance to address social dimensions such as participation, gender, social safeguards, and other social risks and vulnerabilities in transport projects, as well as offer options to go beyond the technical parameters, and add social value customized in this type of projects. This technical note complements the Handbook on Social Analysis, which provides general guidance on incorporating social dimensions in ADB's operations.

Acceder al documento