Network Industries Quarterly

Vol 10 Nº 4
MIR - Management of Network Industries
Winter 2008

What is the likely future of network industries? Several methods allow predicting the future by establishing prognostics, drawing scenarios, making simulation and trend analysis. In this issue, the authors make an assessment of transition management, energy roadmaps and forward-looking studies. They all come with critical insight on the relevance of these practices by the government and the industry to anticipate the future of network industries.

Content:
- Barack Obama's infrastructure policies for the United States
- Broken promises by transition management on institutional reforms
- The practice of evaluating transport policy ex ante could be improved by enhancing transparency.
- Logistics industry as a difficult area of diversification for incumbent postal operators
- Conferences
- Books

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Quincenario

Boletín AFIN Nº 046
Perú - Asociación para el Fomento de la Infraestructura Nacional
Viernes 27 de Marzo 2009



Contenido:

- Editorial: ¿Funcionará el plan de estímulo económico?

- Entrevista: Vicealmirante (R) Frank Boyle Alvarado, Presidente del Directorio de la APN. “Estamos entre los cuatro puertos más grandes de América del Sur”

- Informe: Transformación portuaria: El hito "Paita"

¿SABÍAS QUE...? Según el último reporte de inflación del Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, las obras de infraestructura impulsadas por el PEE suman alrededor de S/.
5,200 millones. Sin embargo, aún falta impulsar la velocidad de la ejecución del gasto publico, disminuyendo las trabas burocráticas existentes y mejorando la eficiencia de los procesos de concesión, que ayudarán a disminuir el impacto de la crisis económica mundial. Es aquí donde las APP´s juegan un rol fundamental en la
implementación de proyectos de inversión que mejore la infraestructura productiva y eleve los niveles de competitividad del país.

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Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Transportation

Transportation Research Board
SPECIAL REPORT 290
2008

The primary focus of this report is on the consequences of climate change for the infrastructure and operations of U.S. transportation. The report provides transportation professionals with an overview of the scientific consensus on those current and future climate changes of particular relevance to U.S. transportation, including the limitations of present scientific understanding as to their precise timing, magnitude, and geographic location; identifies potential impacts on U.S. transportation and adaptation options; and offers recommendations for both research and actions that can be taken to prepare for climate change. The report also summarizes previous work on strategies for reducing transportation-related emissions of carbon dioxide (the primary greenhouse gas) that contribute to climate change, a relatively will-researched area. The primary objective of this report is to provide guidance for transportation decision makers on how best to proceed. The report is organized in six chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction. Chapter 2 reviews the current state of knowledge about climate change, including projected changes over the next century, and those factors of particular relevance to U.S. transportation. Chapter 3 is focused on the potential impacts of climate changes on transportation infrastructure. The chapter begins with an overview of the vulnerability of the infrastructure to these changes; it then examines the likely impacts of the most critical climate changes by transportation mode, reviews the handful of studies that have examined the impacts of climate change on transportation, and draws a series of findings. Chapter 4 describes how the transportation sector is organized and explains why climate change poses a difficult challenge to decision makers. It concludes with some suggestions for a more strategic, risk-based approach to investment decisions. Chapter 5 considers adaptation strategies—both engineering and operational measures, as well as changes in transportation planning and land use controls, development of new technologies, improved data and analysis tools, and organizational changes. Chapter 6 offers recommendations for policies and actions to address the impacts of climate change on transportation and for needed research.

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Analysis and Recommendations for Developing Integrated Airport Information Systems

Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Web-Only Document 1
Transportation Research Board
April 2009

TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Web-Only Document 1: Analysis and Recommendations for Developing Integrated Airport Information Systems is a summary of the efforts associated with the development of ACRP Report 13: Integrating Airport Information Systems. ACRP Report 13 is designed to help airport mangers and information technology professionals address issues associated with integrating airport information systems.

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Integrating Airport Information Systems

Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 13
Transportation Research Board
April 2009



TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 13: Integrating Airport Information Systems is designed to help airport mangers and information technology professionals address issues associated with integrating airport information systems. A summary of the efforts associated with the development of ACRP Report 13 was published online as ACRP Web-Only Document 1: Analysis and Recommendations for Developing Integrated Airport Information Systems.

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Leyes y decretos de la Seguridad Vial en Argentina 2008

Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Vial
Ministerio del Interior
Argentina
2008

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Acciones estratégicas 2008 - Plan Nacional de Seguridad Vial

Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Vial
Ministerio del Interior
Argentina
2008

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Consejo Federal de Seguridad Vial

Caminos para el futuro: Gestión de la infraestructura en América Latina

CAF
Marzo 2009

Esta quinta edición del Reporte de Economía y Desarrollo (RED) ofrece varias reflexiones en torno a la calidad y cantidad de la infraestructura en América Latina. Por una parte, se argumenta que la toma de decisiones sobre la asignación de recursos públicos debe estar basada cada vez más sobre el conocimiento, lo cual se traduce en una necesidad creciente de que las iniciativas de intervención sean evaluadas de manera rigurosa.

Enfatiza la importancia de fortalecer las capacidades institucionales del sector público para la provisión efectiva de servicios de infraestructura, lo cual se traduce no sólo en mejoras regulatorias, sino también en la existencia de instancias de planificación de inversiones para el mediano y largo plazo y de órganos altamente capacitados para la contratación con el sector privado, quien es un socio muy importante en la provisión de servicios de infraestructura en la región.

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Perspectivas: Análisis de temas críticos para el desarrollo sostenible

CAF
Vol. 6 Nº 2
Diciembre 2008



Presenta otros de los trabajos que estarán contenidos en el Reporte de Economía y Desarrollo 2009, el cual abarca el rol de infraestructura y su impacto en el desarrollo sostenible de los países de la región. Dos de sus documentos examinan los impactos sobre el bienestar de los hogares de dos casos concretos de intervenciones sobre la infraestructura (Programa Redes Solidarias en Argentina y Programa de Caminos Rurales en Perú). Un tercer documento contempla un caso de impacto de infraestructura vial sobre la productividad en Colombia y, por último, se examina los incentivos para optimizar los impactos ambientales de los proyectos de infraestructura.

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Long Life Pavements and Success Stories

PIARC
April 2009

Well established design methods for roads and pavements have now been in use for many years in many countries. Moreover a lot of these pavements have now reached or passed their original theoretical design life, which in most cases were less than 30 or 40 years. It is time to take advantage of the experience acquired during this last decade and to try comparing the real performance of pavements with the explicit or implicit “predictions” considered at the time of their original design and construction.

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Glossary of Regional Transportation Systems Management and Operation Terms

Transportation Research Circular E-C133
Transportation Research Board
April 2009



Common terms are necessary for us to understand one another as we develop and improve the management and operations of our transportation systems. Without a universal understanding, it is not possible for us to quickly and efficiently work together. Too often, we use different terms to describe a single concept, event, or device. This glossary was developed to avoid frequently occurring misconceptions that arise as we use different terms for the same meaning. The glossary was developed by professionals in the transportation community to be used by fellow professionals as well as by individuals with whom these professionals deal in the management and operations of transportation systems. It was reviewed by members of various committees of the Transportation Research Board (TRB) and the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)

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Debt Finance Practices for Surface Transportation: A synthesis of highway practice

Transport Research Board
April 2009

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 395: Debt Finance Practices for Surface Transportation examines basic principles of debt issuance for public agencies. The report explores issues that may be useful in assisting in decisions on when and how to best use debt financing techniques to fund investments in transportation infrastructure.

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An Asset-Management Framework for the Interstate Highway System

NCHRP Report 632
Transport Research Board
April 2009

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 632: An Asset-Management Framework for the Interstate Highway System explores a framework for applying asset-management principles and practices to managing Interstate Highway System investments.

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A Qualitative Analysis of Periodic Maintenance of Roads: Understanding the Mechanisms in Pavement Management

Altamirano, M.A. & J. Aijo
Next Generation Infrastructure Foundation


Many transportation agencies are experimenting with innovative contractual arrangements for the procurement of construction, maintenance and operation of roads. They are changing from traditional contracts that prescribe the kind of work that need to be done in a specific section of the network, to more flexible contracts, increasing the contractors freedom to its maximum level, where the contractor itself decide which section, when and what kind of work he will perform, with the only condition of keeping a certain level of performance for a whole road network. Advanced computer models have been developed that estimate what would be the resulting road condition for given investment decisions and maintenance actions. Nevertheless it remains uncertain if contractors are given the freedom: What trade-offs would they make? Will road quality decrease? Will road agencies be able to monitor or control contractors? Before all these choices and freedom are transferred to the private sector, it is urgent to develop a clear view of the most important trade-offs that are now already made by the public authority. In order to contribute to the building of this understanding this paper explores the issue of road condition and some of the most relevant and conflicting aspects of it.

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Railways and the environment: Building on the railways environmental strenghts

International Union of Railways
January 2009

As one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly ways to move people and goods, railways have a tremendous potential to reduce the environmental impact of transport and improve the quality of life of EU citizens. European policy up to now has failed to properly address the impacts of increasing transport demand, which is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and a driver of global climate change. There is now an urgent need for action to cut transport-related CO2 emissions.

It is widely accepted that a modal shift towards railways can contribute to meeting EU targets on climate protection and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A stronger role for rail will help to achieve real progress towards the 2020 target of a 20% cut in the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions. However, concerted action must be taken by governments and policy-makers to help bring this about.

The rail sector is doing its part, having already agreed on a voluntary target for 2020, to cut its 1990 levels of specific emissions by 30%. It is also funding research to work towards standardised technologies that will further improve environmental performance.

More needs to be done now to get traffic off the roads and on to rail. Real prices have to be charged that reflect the real costs caused by polluters. The wider use of market-based instruments will bring about more cost-oriented pricing and fairer market conditions, which would lead to modal shift, behavioural changes, and help pay for improvements in rail infrastructure.

The greater use of combined transport will allow each mode to use its strengths best –particularly over long distances, where the use of road and rail can complement rather than compete with each other.

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Rail Time Indicators: A Review of Key Economic Trends

Association of American Railroads
April 2009

Did you know that ...

*The decline in the value of the dollar in 2007 and 2008 was a major reason for a surge in U.S. grain and coal exports (much of them carried by rail) in those years. If the dollar continues to strengthen, U.S. exports are sure to be affected.

*Housing starts in March 2009 were down 11% from February 2009 to 510,000 on an annualized basis, the second-lowest level (behind January 2009) since record keeping began in 1959.

*Total retail sales in March 2009 were down 1.1% from February 2009, down 9.4% from March 2008, and about equal to the level of October 2005. March’s decline followed increases in January and February. Many economists had expected an increase in March, making March’s decline somewhat of a surprise.

These facts and more are provided in a new monthly publication, Rail Time Indicators, from the Association of American Railroads (AAR). Rail Time Indicators provides rail data in the context of broader economic data. Rail indicators are often cited as a key measure of a healthy economy. Current data on more than a dozen key economic indicators including employment, housing starts and vehicle sales is discussed in the report which will be issued monthly by the AAR.

“Our goal is to provide our members and others with a non-technical, all-in-one-place snapshot of the economy and rail traffic to help them understand the broader economic forces at work,” explained AAR Senior Vice President John Gray.

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Dynamic optimal toll design problem – travel behavior analysis including departure time choice and heterogeneous users

Dusica Joksimovic & Michiel Bliemer
Transport and planning department,
Delft University of Technology


Next Generation Infrastructures Foundation

In this paper we consider a network design problem in which the aim is to analyze the travel behavior of heterogeneous road users. By introducing different tolling schemes the network performance may be optimized.

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How CBO Estimates the Costs of Reducing Greenhouse-Gas Emissions

Congressional Budget Office
Background Paper
April 2009

As part of its mandate to provide the Congress with the objective, timely, and
nonpartisan analysis needed to make informed economic and budgetary decisions, the
Congressional Budget Office (CBO) prepares cost estimates for legislation under consideration by the Congress. In recent years, a number of legislative proposals have involved efforts to restrict emissions of greenhouse gases in the United States. To estimate the budgetary impact of such proposals, CBO must first estimate the incremental costs to firms and households of mitigating greenhouse gases. This background paper briefly describes the methodology that CBO uses to estimate those incremental costs, the data sources and models used to develop that methodology, and the rationale for using it. In keeping with CBO’s mandate to provide impartial analysis, the paper contains no policy recommendations.

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SEACAP experience in transport research in the GMS with lessons for new initiatives on gender and transport

Conference Paper
Prepared for the Regional research design workshop for gender, poverty and mobility analysis of road transportation development in GMS. Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), 1-3 April 2009.
SEACAP

All effective development, including infrastructure, involves the need for a recognition and harmonization of technical, social, economic, environmental and political goals. In the transport sector it is now becoming increasingly important that there is closer collaboration between all of the key disciplines. The development of better rural access and transport should lead to important benefits shared by rural people. In general terms these benefits are poverty reduction, job creation and access to socio-economic opportunities. Rural people should also benefit from involvement in the construction and the maintenance of the rural transport infrastructure. However, not all benefits are currently equally realized by women and men. The South East Asia Community Access Programme (SEACAP) is an initiative addressing problems of rural access and transport sustainability. It does this by developing a multi-disciplinary knowledge base for good decision making through carrying out projects of applied research into practice. This paper describes the SEACAP approach, project outputs that have a gender dimension, and it makes recommendations for further research into advancing gender equity in rural access and transport.

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Regional convergence, infrastructure and industrial diversity in Mexico

Roberto Duran Fernandez
Transport Studies Unit - Oxford University Centre for the Environment
Working paper N° 1031
January 2008

This paper introduces a convergence analysis of productivity growth in the manufacturing sector in Mexico using regional data from the National Economic Census 1999 and 2004. The absolute convergence analysis indicates that regional productivity growth follows a slow convergence trajectory. However, a conditional convergence analysis indicates that current productivity gaps can be directly attributed to divergences in the industrial profile of the regional economy as well as to differences in infrastructure endowments. The results of the paper suggest that productivity gaps originated by the liberalisation reforms of the 1980s and 1990s will be exhausted in a term of 25 years approximately. The innovation of this paper is the extension of a convergence analysis to the industrial sector. The use of regional data improves the details of the analysis and allows the identification of growth patterns that had not been previously identified. Finally, it applies innovative metrics to model the industrial profile of a region and the value of transport infrastructure.

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Gravity, Distance, and Traffic Flows in Mexico

Roberto Duran Fernandez
Transport Studies Unit - Oxford University Centre for the Environment
Working paper N° 1030
January 2008

This paper presents an econometric analysis that compares the performance of different measurements of distance in a gravity model using state data in Mexico. The estimation shows that at this geographical scale, the definition of distance does not affect significantly the explanatory power of the model. However, time-based definitions of distance have a marginal improvement on the model fit in comparison to length-based measures. When geographic specific fix effects are unknown, the model shows that distance measured through the transport network is a better predictor. The results conclude that time-based definitions of distance present several advantages in comparison to traditional length-based definitions. Another implication is that at large geographic scale, where relative distances between every geographic unit are large, the use of length-based distance instead of time to approximate travel costs generates similar results.

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Measuring the Invisible: Quantifying Emissions Reductions from Transport Solutions. Porto Alegre Case Study

Maria Cordeiro and Bianca Focante
World Resources Institute
March 2008



The metropolitan region of Porto Alegre in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, has seen a steep rise in motorization levels due to rapid economic growth and an increased demand for transportation. The municipality of Porto Alegre understands that the city’s transportation sector contributes to local and global emissions
and is interested in evaluating the impact of the following transportation projects:

(1) a fare integration scheme, to be implemented across all municipal bus lines in order to increase public bus ridership, and
(2) a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system designed to reduce the number of buses and bus terminals downtown and revitalize the city center.

This study provides a first level estimation of the impact of the two projects on CO2, CO, NOx, PM2.5 exhaust emissions levels from the metropolitan, municipal and BRT bus fleets, by multiplying the number of km with emission factors. In addition, the study assesses the potential of alternative fuels and technology options to further
reduce emissions.

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The Transportation Issue

Good Magazine
April 2009
Reinventing Our Wheels: Visionary ideas for the coming transportation revolution.

Content:
-How To Double Your Car’s Fuel Economy Without Spending Any Money
-The Electric Car Rides Again
-Sharing is Car-ing
-I Dream of Light-rail: Baltimore: Red Line
-Walk On: A look at America’s most pedestrian friendly cities
-Get On the Bus: For proof that buses can solve most of our mass-transit problems, look no further than Bogotá.
-Convenience Is King: You can take the train to work, but your office is still a mile away from the station. Might as well drive, right? How we can solve the last-mile problem.
-Prettier Buses Get More Rides
-Ticket to Ride: How to appease the interest groups keeping congestion pricing from our cities.
-Transportation Innovation
-Infra What?: A brief look at where that $100 billion worth of infrastructure money is going
-Who’s Driving?: These people will shape transportation policy during the next four years.
-Going Down The Rabbit Hole: The future of transportation may mean not moving at all.
-The End of the Roads: We have as much road capacity today as we will ever need.
-Sorry, Portland: A primer on the best burgeoning bike scenes in North America

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Heckle and Chide: Results of a Randomized Road Safety Intervention in Kenya

James Habyarimana and William Jack
Center for Global Development
Working Paper Number 169
April 2009

In countries with poor enforcement of road-safety standards, risky drivers endanger their passengers and those in other vehicles. In such an environment, reducing the costs that dangerous drivers impose on other road users is difficult. This paper evaluates an intervention that aims instead to reduce the costs a bad drivers impose on their own passengers, who face a collective-action problem when choosing whether to speak up when a driver compromises their safety. In the experiment, messages designed to lower the costs of speaking up were placed in a random sample of over 1,000 minibuses in Kenya. Analysis of comprehensive insurance data covering a two year period that spanned the intervention shows that insurance claims for treated vehicles decreased by one-half to two-thirds, compared with the control group. In addition, claims involving an injury or death decreased by at least 50 percent. Passenger and driver surveys indicate that passenger heckling contributed to this reduction in accidents

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Demystifying induced travel demand

Sustainable Urban Transport Technical Document #1
Roger Gorham
SUTP
April 2009

“If we build it, they will come”: The question of induced travel demand attracts substantial interest from decision-makers, planners and the wider public alike. This technical document is intended as an introduction to the concept of induced travel demand and the principal arguments and debates surrounding the phenomenon. The module has been written by Roger Gorham, a leading researcher in the field.

In an effort to provide greater knowledge to the policy makers on issues related to sustainable urban transport GTZ SUTP developed a series of documents titled "Sustainable Urban Transport Technical Documents". The first of this series is on "Induced Travel".

SUTP users can download the document from here 3.64 Mb. Unregistered visitors can click here to register (at no cost) and then proceed to download.

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Energy efficiency technologies for road vehicles

Shigeki Kobayashi, Steven Plotkin and Suzana Kahn Ribeiro
Energy Efficiency
Nº 2
2009

A key message of the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is that improved energy efficiency is one of society’s most important instruments for combating climate change. This article reviews a range of energy efficiency measures in the transportation sector as discussed in AR4 and assess their
potentials for improving fuel efficiency. The primary focus is on light-duty vehicles because they represent the largest portion of world transport energy use and carbon dioxide emissions; freight trucks, a rapidly expanding source of greenhouse emissions, are also discussed. Increasing energy efficiency can be achieved by improving the design and technology used in new vehicles, but vehicle technology is only one component of fleet fuel economy. Measures that create strong incentives for customers to take energy efficiency into consideration when buying and operating
their vehicles will be crucial to policy success.

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FAA Aerospace Forecasts FY 2009-2025

Federal Aviation Administration
April 2009

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration has released a report that examines future trends expected in the aerospace industry. The report explores the economics of the industry in general as well as trends expected to affect the commercial and general aviation community.

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Guidebook on Preparing Airport Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories

Transport Research Board
April 2009

TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 11: Guidebook on Preparing Airport Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories explores a framework for identifying and quantifying specific components of airport contributions to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The report is designed to help airport operators and others to prepare an airport-specific inventory of greenhouse gas emissions.

Appendices A through F to ACRP Report 11 were published online as ACRP Web-Only Document 2. The appendices titles are as follows:

Appendix A-Reasons for Developing GHG Inventories
Appendix B-Emissions and Sources
Appendix C-Methods for Calculating GHG Emissions
Appendix D-Methods for Calculating CO2 Equivalencies
Appendix E-Inventory Development Protocols
Appendix F-Approaches Used in Airport Inventories Prepared to Date

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Rail Transport and Environment: Facts & Figures

International Union of Railways
November 2008

Transport presents real challenges as society tries to ensure a more environmentally sustainable future. It is the only sector in the EU in which greenhouse gas emissions have consistently risen since 1990, and current transport patterns are clearly unsustainable. As well as contributing to climate change, the growth in congestion on our roads, accidents, air pollution, and noise pollution of transport all lead to
substantial costs that are borne by people, business, and society.

In order to make long term decisions on the future of transport, it is important that there is accurate data to consult. Using a variety of sources, this booklet has been compiled jointly by the Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies (CER) and the International Union of Railways (UIC) to present the statistical and factual evidence on the impact of the different transport modes. We believe it shows that the environmental case for rail is compelling. We hope it will be of use to policy makers, researchers, and anyone else with an interest in the environmental impact of transport.

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Arizona’s New Frontier: Moving Our Transportation System into the 21st Century

U.S. PIRG
April 2009

Over the past few decades, Arizona’s population has skyrocketed. This population growth has not been matched by public transportation investment, and Arizona’s resulting dependence on cars is hurting the state. High and wildly fluctuating gas prices add to Arizonans’ economic woes, traffic congestion wastes valuable time and energy, and our cars and trucks produce pollution that harms Arizonans’ health and contributes to global warming.

Recently, there has been a surge of support for public transportation in Arizona, and the subsequent expanded bus service and new Valley Metro light rail have been a boon to the state and its residents. The public transit systems in Arizona are beginning to relieve congestion, reduce our dependence on oil, curb pollution, stimulate the economy, and help to sustain healthy, vibrant communities.

Arizona needs a transportation system that meets the needs of the 21st century – one in which public transportation plays a much bigger role than it does today. Arizona should build on the public transit investments we’ve recently made and work to provide all Arizona residents with the transit options they need. To get there, we need to start investing now in critical public transportation projects.

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Vessel Tracking Systems Provide Key Information, but the Need for Duplicate Data Should Be Reviewed

U.S. Government Accountability Office
March 2009

U.S. ports, waterways, and coastal approaches are part of a system handling more than $700 billion in merchandise annually. With the many possible threats--including transportation and detonation of weapons of mass destruction, suicide attacks against vessels, and others--in the maritime domain, awareness of such threats could give the Coast Guard advance notice to help detect, deter, interdict, and defeat them and protect the U.S. homeland ...

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Pre-Overlay Treatment of Existing Pavements

Transport Research Board
April 2009

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 388: Pre-Overlay Treatment of Existing Pavements explores current pre-overlay treatment practices of state departments of transportation for both hot-mix asphalt and portland cement concrete pavement structures. The report is designed to help pavement management and pavement design groups in their selection of pre-overlay treatments.

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Determinação do custo do capital próprio de empresas brasileiras do setor de concessões rodoviárias interessadas em investir no Chile

José Antônio de Sousa Neto
Maria Adelaide Coutinho Câmara
Fundação Dom Cabral
Caderno de Idéias CI0809
2008

O cálculo do custo do capital própio alcança razoável nível de precisão, quando se trata de empresas que realizam negociações em países desenvolvidos, o que se explica pela eficiência e maturidade desses mercados. Por outro lado, quando a negociação ocorre em países em desenvolvimento, ou emergentes, como é o caso do Chile, numerosos problemas característicos da conjuntura local interferem nos cálculos, dificultando-os. Os parâmetros de medida da remuneração do capital variam em função da natureza dos riscos existentes em cada país. Essa flutuação é um dos fatores mais críticos para as empresas brasileiras em processo de internacionalização.

Este estudo objetivou apresentar uma análise do binômio risco-retorno sobre investimentos na área de concessões rodoviárias, à luz da metodologia de precificação de ativos (Capital Asset Pricing Model - CAPM), para aplicação em países em desenvolvimento, com vistas a adequar os retornos esperados pelos acionistas aos riscos a que estarão expostos. O estudo abordou o alinhamento existente entre o retorno sobre o capital próprio das concessionárias de rodovias em operação no Chile e os valores calculados através do modelo CAPM ajustado.

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Supply chain collaboration in brazilian distribution channels

Paulo Tarso Vilela Resende
Guilherme Dayrell Mendonça
Fundação Dom Cabral
Caderno de Idéias CI0802
2008

Interfirm collaborative arrangements seem to have great potential, but further investigation is needed to identify their latest developments in emerging countries like Brazil. The main objective of this research aims to identify and evaluate the role of the collaborative supply chain framework (CSCF) proposed by Simatupang and Sridharan (2005) in structuring relationships between producers, wholesalers and retailers in Brazil. The research found undeniable evidence that the CSCF model well represents the
structure of a collaborative relationship and that its implementation improves the capacity of the distribution channel to handle better market changes.

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Comercio exterior en cifras

ALADI
Boletín electrónico Nº 9
Abril 2009

La novena entrega del boletín incluye dos notas. En la primera se presenta un panorama sobre los efectos que la crisis internacional está teniendo sobre los flujos de comercio exterior de los países miembros de la ALADI. Esta información es parte del esfuerzo de seguimiento que la Secretaría General está haciendo de esta temática, que incluye además la elaboración, en conjunto con los países, de propuestas que permitan alcanzar soluciones concertadas a los desafíos que plantea una crisis de esta magnitud.

En este sentido, cabe destacar que está prevista la realización en el mes de abril, en la sede de ALADI, de un “Seminario para la dinamización del Convenio de Pagos y Créditos Recíprocos y el uso de los sistemas de pagos en monedas locales”.

En la segunda nota, como es tradicional en estos boletines, se informa sobre los principales avances en materia de acuerdos suscritos en el ámbito de la ALADI, presentando los nuevos instrumentos suscritos y las nuevas vigencias durante el último trimestre del año 2008. Esta información complementa la presen-tada en los tres números anteriores y en conjunto permiten la descripción de lo ocurrido en dicho año.

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The Impact of Ethanol Use on Food Prices and Greenhouse-Gas Emissions

Congressional Budget Office
April 2009

This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) analysis, which was prepared at the request of
Representatives Ron Kind, Rosa DeLauro, and James McGovern, examines the relationship between increasing production of ethanol and rising prices for food. In particular, CBO estimated how much of the rise in food prices between April 2007 and April 2008 was due to an increase in the production of ethanol and how much that increase in prices might raise federal expenditures on food assistance programs. CBO also examined how much the increased use of ethanol might lower emissions of greenhouse gases. In keeping with CBO’s mandate to provide objective, impartial analysis, the report contains no recommendations.

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Summit of the Americas 1994-2009. Selected Indicators

ECLAC
April 2009

This document provides an overview, in figures, of the most important development trends, issues and challenges facing the countries that are part of the Summit process.

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Boletin Interamericano de Puertos

Comisión Interamericana de Puertos
Nº 23
Abril 2009

1. X Reunión del Comité Ejecutivo de la CIP en Buenos Aires.
2. Impacto de la crisis en el puerto de Buenos Aires.
3. Puerto de Nassau recibirá los barcos más grandes del mundo.
4. Crisis económica en la actividad marítimo portuaria chilena.
5. Se mantiene en curso licitación en Puerto San Antonio en Chile.
6. El gobierno definirá el futuro del Puerto de Manta en Ecuador.
7. Puerto de Guayaquil cuenta con dos muelles nuevos.
8. Puerto Seco en Loja, Ecuador, proyectado a largo plazo.
9. Feria Seatrade 2009 en Miami.
10. EEUU: dificultad en revisión de contenedores que ingresan al país.
11. Sombrío escenario para el transporte marítimo mundial.
12. Disminuye carga en puertos panameños.
13. Canal de Panamá: propuestas para construir las nuevas esclusas.
14. Puertos clandestinos que operan entre Paraguay y Brasil.
15. Terminal portuaria de Paita en Perú concesionada a consorcio TPE.
16. Proyectos portuarios del Perú con inversión privada de más de US$ 2.000 M.
17. Nuevo sistema nacional de puertos en Venezuela.
18. Nueva ley de puertos en España.
19. La organización europea (ESPO) se reunió en Barcelona, España.
20. Nuevos miembros asociados en la CIP
21. Actividades Portuarias

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Railway access charges in the EU: Current status and developments since 2004

Louis Thompson
International Transport Forum
Thompson Galenson and Associates - TGA
December 2008

Over the last few years, much progress has been made in developing rail charges to ensure non-discriminatory access to, and efficient use of national rail networks in Europe.

This report updates the ECMT report "Railway Reform and Charges for the Use of Infrastructure" published in 2005.

Includes an Excel table

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Global Green New Deal: Policy Brief

UNEP
March 2009

The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) recently issued a policy brief on a Global Green New Deal. According to the announcement, the Global Green New Deal,

"has three broad objectives. In the short term, it should make a major contribution to reviving the world economy, saving and creating jobs, and protecting vulnerable groups. In the medium term, it should promote sustainable and inclusive growth and the achievement of the MDGs, especially ending extreme poverty by 2025. Also in the medium term, it must reduce carbon dependency and ecosystem degradation – these are key risks along a path to a sustainable world economy."

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Effect of advanced traveler information systems and road pricing in a network with non-recurrent congestion

J. Enrique Fernández L., Joaquín de Cea Ch, G. Germán Valverde
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
March 2009

The effect of the application of advanced transport information system (ATIS) and road pricing is studied in a transportation system under non-recurrent congestion. A stochastic network deterministic user equilibrium model (SNDUE) with elastic demand is formulated and used to evaluate the welfare and private impacts of different market penetrations of ATIS, together with road pricing for a simple network. Both marginal first-best road pricing and a second-best fixed road pricing are considered. The incentives of private users to use ATIS are analyzed and the characteristics of optimum tolls as a function of ATIS market penetration are shown. We conclude that ATIS is an efficient and necessary tool to reduce the effects of non-recurrent incidents in a transportation network, especially when nonrecurrent congestion causes a significant deterioration of operational conditions of the network. If the impact of non-recurrent incidents on free flow costs is small or is reduced only to congestion effects, the use of road pricing would be more efficient. Social benefits obtained when jointly implementing ATIS and road pricing are practically the same whether first-best or second-best road pricing is used. Considering the private costs perceived by the network users, and the benefits experienced by equipped users, the maximum level of market penetration achieved could be limited because private benefits disappear after certain market penetration is obtained.

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Capitalization of BRT network expansions effects into prices of non-expansion areas

Daniel A. Rodríguez, Carlos H. Mojica
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
March 2009

A before and after hedonic model is used to determine the property value impacts on properties already served by the transit system caused by extensions to Bogotá’s bus rapid transit system. Asking prices of residential properties belonging to an intervention area (N = 1407 before, 1570 after) or a control area (N = 267 before, 732 after) and offered for sale between 2001 and 2006 are used to determine capitalization of the enhanced regional access provided by the extension. Properties offered during the year the extension was inaugurated and in subsequent years have asking prices that are between 13% and 14% higher than prices for properties in the control area, after adjusting for structural, neighborhood and regional accessibility characteristics of each property. Furthermore, the appreciation is similar for properties within 500 m and properties between 500 m and 1 km of the BRT.

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