Mobility as a Driver of Economic Development: Brazil Case Study

World Business Council for Sustainable Development
May 2009



This report was prepared for the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) as part of the Mobility for Development (M4D) project. This project builds on the WBCSD Sustainable Mobility report – Mobility 2030 – which defined sustainable mobility as “the ability to meet the needs of a society to move freely, gain access, communicate, trade and establish relationships without sacrificing other essential human or ecological values today or in the future”.

The M4D project aims to further investigate the challenges and opportunities associated with achieving sustainable mobility in the developing world through the conduct of four case studies in cities and associated regions at various stages of economic development, namely: Dar-es-Salaam in Tanzania, Bangalore in India, Shanghai in China, and São Paulo in Brazil. In particular, the study is designed to raise awareness and understanding of:

1. The importance of mobility as a driver of economic development

2. The opportunities to narrow the “mobility divide”

3. The need for sustainable mobility solutions for rapidly growing cities such as São Paulo.

The WBCSD has also defined a set of seven goals that it believes will improve the outlook for sustainable mobility. These seven goals are:

1. Ensure that emissions of transport-related conventional pollutants do not constitute a significant public health concern
2. Limit transport-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to sustainable levels
3. Significantly reduce the total number of road vehicle-related deaths and serious injuries from current levels in both the developed and the developing worlds
4. Reduce transport-related noise
5. Mitigate congestion
6. Narrow the “mobility opportunity divides” that inhibit the inhabitants of the poorest countries and members of economically and socially disadvantaged groups within nearly all countries from achieving better lives for themselves and their families
7. Preserve and enhance mobility opportunities for the general population of both developed and developing world countries.

The objectives of the São Paulo case study are to assess the status and outlook for sustainable mobility in light of the seven goals, based on experience to date as well as future plans for the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR).


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Other case studies:
India
Tanzania
China

Mobility for Development

World Business Council for Sustainable Development
May 2009



Today's mobility systems in rapidly developing cities are not sustainable and the situation is deteriorating, although opportunities are increasing and are an important driver of economic development, concludes the WBCSD's Mobility for Development final report.

The WBCSD Development Focus Area teamed up with leading members of the transport industry to produce the report which summarizes its findings from a two-year study into the state of mobility in fast-growing cities of the developing world.

The study set out to measure the state of mobility in four rapidly developing cities – Bangalore, Dar es Salaam, São Paulo and Shanghai.

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América Latina: Financiamiento de proyectos de infraestructura

BNAmericas
Infrastructure Intelligence Series
Mayo 2009



Como respuesta a la crisis financiera global, la mayor parte de los países latinoamericanos se ha embarcado en programas contracíclicos que impulsarán la construcción de obras de infraestructura. Sin embargo, una cosa es anunciar multimillonarias inversiones y otra es armar la ingeniería financiera para su construcción. En este informe, BNamericas analiza las oportunidades y las restricciones que, desde el punto de vista del financiamiento, enfrentan estos planes de construcción de infraestructura en América Latina.

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Documento en Español, click en Bajar Ahora para ver el documento completo

Documento en Inglés

Informe Anual 2008

CAF
Mayo 2009



El Informe Anual de la CAF presenta los resultados financieros y operativos de la Institución durante 2008.

Un capítulo especial es dedicado al Reporte de Economía y Desarrollo (RED 2009): Caminos para el futuro. Gestión de la infraestructura en América Latina.
Asimismo, el informe destaca los avances en los programas estratégicos de la Institución durante el año, en el contexto de una Agenda para el Desarrollo Integral.

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Income-Based Equity Impacts of Congestion Pricing: A Primer

U.S. Federal Highway Administration
May 2009



The U.S. Federal Highway Administration has released a report that explores the impacts of congestion pricing on low-income groups, public opinion as expressed by various income groups, and ways to mitigate the equity impacts of congestion pricing.

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Technologies That Enable Congestion Pricing: A Primer

U.S. Federal Highway Administration
May 2009



The U.S. Federal Highway Administration has released a report that examines the use of primary and advanced technology to support tolling and congestion pricing.

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Bibliography: Transport and Climate Change

SUTP

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Bibliography: Transport and Globalisation

International Transport Forum
April 2009

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World Transport Policy & Practice Special Issue: Transport in a post-carbon society

Volume 14. Number 4. April 2009
Eco-Logica

This special issue of World Transport Policy & Practice is an outcome of the conference Planning for the Carbon Neutral World: Challenges for Cities and Regions, held 15-18 May 2008 in Salzburg, Austria. The conference, organised by SCUPAD – Salzburg Congress on Urban Planning and Development – brought together (transport) planners, architects, urban designers and other professionals, from both practice and academia. It provided a platform to discuss and explore, from an economic, land use and transportation perspective, possibilities to develop carbon-neutral cities (for more information, please visit www.scupad.org).

Five excellent contributions presented at the transportation workshops during the SCUPAD conference are brought together in this special issue.

• Post Carbon - or Post crash – managing the Orbanism/Ronald Rovers
• Changing dependencies on fossil fuel: the case of Vienna /Petra Hirschler, Nina Svanda
• Urban Development for Carbon Neutral Mobility/ Ernst Schriefl, Uwe Schubert, Franz Skala, Gernot Stöglehner
• Integrated Transport and Urban Design Choices to Reduce Carbon Emissions: Public Attitudes in the Washington, DC USA Metropolitan Area/Kris Wernstedt
• Greening the World’s Airports/David C. Prosperi

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World Transport Policy & Practice

Volume 15, Number 1, April 2009
Eco-Logica

• Sustainable Transport that Works: Lessons from Germany
  
• Bicycle Education
  
• Cycling for a few or for everyone: Social Justice in Cycling Policy
  
• Comment: The Gravy Chain of Car Support                      
                   Non-oil dependency & 30mph speed limit

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Pricing as a tool for funding and regulation in an equity s perspective

PIARC
April 2009

Traditionally, instruments such as taxes, charges and tolls have been used for funding infrastructure construction and maintenance. In recent years, pricing has been used for regulatory purposes as a measure against congestion, for mitigating environmental impacts; and for safety improvement.

The question whether road pricing could be a useful instrument and in which way it should be applied can only be sufficiently answered after clearly defining the objectives of the instrument. Does the priority lie in improving the environmental situation, in creating more financial sources for infrastructure projects in the transport sector or is the main purpose to reach a better usage of existing infrastructure capacities and/or a general reduction in road traffic? Possible tools for different objectives are discussed in the report.

Pricing is usually introduced in a given economic, geographical and social context, and following more or less well defined objectives. Experiences are mostly successful but raise concerns about equity. There is need for precise definition of Road Pricing if one wants to consider equity issues. Different designs of Road Pricing have to be distinguished and the allocation of the revenue has to be considered. The intended use of revenue from pricing will strongly influence not only the effective ex-post distribution but also the ex-ante perception of equity of specific projects.

In addition, specific application of Road Pricing - e.g. as a fee for using a tunnel, as a charge for entering a city area or for driving on a special motorway lane - has to be discussed in the context of the overall transport policy and especially other fiscal measures like gasoline charges and vehicle taxes.

The introduction of a specific pricing scheme influences vertical (by income group), horizontal (by interest group) and geographical (by area) distribution of costs and benefits. The expected distribution impacts will largely determine the acceptance of a given project.

Considering overall costs and benefits, pricing impacts in general can be evaluated based on consumer surplus analysis with the help of a socio-economic model. These models assist in estimating the value that consumers place on goods and services they use.

In reality, acceptability does not only depend on distribution among groups (horizontal distribution) but also on vertical and geographical distribution of costs and benefits. Although a quantitative assessment was not done, the working group presents some considerations on these issues based on existing literature and intuition.

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Preparing Coordinated Transportation Plans: A Guidebook for State Departments of Transportation

Transportation Research Board
May 2009


TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 331: Preparing Coordinated Transportation Plans: A Guidebook for State Departments of Transportation explores existing coordinated planning processes within state departments of transportation (DOTs) that meet the Federal Transit Administration’s (FTA’s) requirements. The report also examines aspects of those processes that will be useful to other state DOTs and their planning partners as they develop or revise their own planning processes.

Appendixes A through J of the research agency’s final report are published online.

Appendix A: Alaska DOT Coordinated Plan Materials
Appendix B: Connecticut DOT Coordinated Plan Materials
Appendix C: Oregon DOT Coordinated Plan Materials
Appendix D: Texas DOT Coordinated Plan Materials
Appendix E: Sample Coordinated Plan Contents
Appendix F: NJ TRANSIT Coordinated Plan Materials
Appendix G: Wisconsin DOT Coordinated Plan Materials
Appendix H: Illinois DOT Coordinated Plan Materials
Appendix I: Census Data Primer
Appendix J: Additional Resources

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A Guidebook for the Evaluation of Project Delivery Methods

Transportation Research Board
May 2009



TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 131: A Guidebook for the Evaluation of Project Delivery Methods examines various project delivery methods for major transit capital projects. The report also explores the impacts, advantages, and disadvantages of including operations and maintenance as a component of a contract for a project delivery method.

A companion publication to TCRP Report 131 is TCRP Web-Only Document 41: Evaluation of Project Delivery Methods, which explores pertinent literature and research findings related to various project delivery methods for transit projects. TCRP Web-Only Document also includes definitions of project delivery methods and highlights the existing selection approaches commonly used by transit agencies.

Appendicies A: References and Appendices B: Definitions were published as part of TCRP Report 131. Appendices C through H of the report are available online.

Appendix C: Forms for Project Description and Goals
Appendix D: Forms for the Analytical Delivery Decision Approach (Tier 1)
Appendix E: Forms for the Weighted-Matrix Delivery Decision Approach (Tier 2)
Appendix F: Procedures for Determining the Weights of Selection Factors in the Weighted-atrix Delivery Decision Approach (Tier 2)
Appendix G: Form for the Optimal Risk-Based Approach (Tier 3)
Appendix H: Application of the Tier 1 and Tier 2 Approaches to a Hypothetical Project

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Evaluation of Project Delivery Methods

Transportation Research Board
May 2009



TRB’s Transit Cooperative Highway Research Program (TCRP) Web-Only Document 41: Evaluation of Project Delivery Methods explores pertinent literature and research findings related to various project delivery methods for transit projects. The report also includes definitions of project delivery methods and highlights the existing selection approaches commonly used by transit agencies.

A companion publication to TCRP Web-Only Document 41 is TCRP Report 131: A Guide book for: Evaluation of Project Delivery Methods, which explores pertinent literature and research findings related to various project delivery methods for transit projects. TCRP Web-Only Document also includes definitions of project delivery methods and highlights the existing selection approaches commonly used by transit agencies.

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Make roads safe: A decade of action for road safety

Commission for Global Road Safety
May 2009



The ‘Make Roads Safe’ report, endorsed by the world’s leading road safety experts, urges UN governments attending the first ever global governmental conference on road safety in Moscow in November, to support a ‘Decade of Action for Road Safety’ between 2010-2020. During the Decade the international community should invest in a $300 million action plan to catalyse traffic injury prevention and re-focus national road safety policies and budgets.

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Manual de bicicletários: modelo ASCOBIKE mauá

ASCOBIKE & ITDP
May 2009

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Financing Federal Aviation Programs

Congressional Budget Office
May 2009

Testimony before the Committee on Ways and Means U.S. House of Representatives

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Tráfico y Seguridad Vial

Año XXV Nº 195 Año 2009
Dirección General del Transporte - España



Reportajes:
Distancia de seguridad
La seguridad vial en el congreso
El peligro del día después
La carretera perfecta
Coches eléctricos
Seguridad infantil
Los semáforos cambian a leds
Luces que salvan vidas
En el coche no se fuma
Ideas ‘made in spain’
Ponle freno
Limitadores de velocidad

Para acceder a las otras secciones de la revista.

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Safety Monitor

ETSC’s Newsletter on Transport Safety Policy Developments in the EU
ETSC
Nº 76
April 2009

Contents:
Road safety
Aviation, Rail & Maritime Safety
ETSC and Partner Organisations News

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Ireland’s First Cycle Policy Framework

Ireland - Department of Transport
April 2009



Colin Buchanan (CB) collaborating with Interface for Cycling Expertise (I-CE) were commissioned by the Department of Transport (DoT) to draft a National Cycling Policy for Ireland. The mission of the Irish government is to create a strong cycling culture in Ireland.

CB and I-CE collected examples from other European Cycling Policies, hosted meetings with the government to develop a strategy and drafted the Policy document. The document sets out a National Cycle Policy and objectives to the year 2020 to achieve that policy. In addition to that, I-CE and CB provided an indicative costings for the implementation of an outline cycling strategy for the town of Navan. The Minister for Transport in Ireland, Noel Dempsey T.D., launched Ireland’s First National Cycle Policy Framework on the 20th of April. Access the press release

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Public Private Partnerships: Beyond the Financing Aspects

Discussion Paper
IRF
2008



An IRF discussion paper aiming to highlight the economical advantages of public/private partnership contracts over traditional forms of contracting.

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Thinking Highways

North American Edition
Vol 4, Issue 1, March/April 2009
Thinking Highways Magazine

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IRU Annual Report 2009

International Road Transport Union
January 2009

This is the IRU 2009 highlights the vital role of the road transport sector, the challenges it faces, the accomplishments of the IRU in 2008 and the optimal solutions the IRU, jointly with its global network of 180 Members in 74 countries, is proposing to decision-makers and to its partners, to achieve economic, social and environmental progress through facilitated and sustainable road transport.

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Sobre Ruedas

Newsletter Nº 77
Fundación Profesional para el Transporte
Mayo 2009

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Public-Private Partnerships for Highway Infrastructure: Capitalizing on International Experience

International Technology Scanning Program
Federal Highway Administration
March 2009



Public-private partnership (PPP) programs for highway infrastructure are not widely used in the United States. The Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and National Cooperative Highway Research Program sponsored a scanning study to collect information about PPP programs for highway infrastructure in Australia, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom, where PPP experience is more extensive. The scan team learned that PPPs are an effective strategy for delivering highway projects, and they are service arrangements as much as financial ones. The team observed that potential PPP projects must be analyzed and structured thoughtfully to preserve public interests and that managing the partnership over the life of the contract is critical to providing the services expected. Team recommendations for U.S. implementation include convening workshops, developing training guidelines, establishing an expert task group, developing a research strategy, and publishing principles and guideline documents on PPP topics.

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Literature Review for Providing Access to Public Transportation Stations

Transportation Research Board
Web-Only Document 44
May 2009



TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Web-Only Document 44: Literature Review for Providing Access to Public Transportation Stations describes the results of the literature review associated with a project that is examining various alternatives for providing access to and from stations of new and mature high-capacity public transportation systems, including heavy rail, light rail, commuter rail, and bus rapid transit.

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Boletín Marítimo

Nº 37
CEPAL
Abril 2009

Crisis: Efectos en la actividad marítima y portuaria de América Latina y el Caribe

La presente entrega analiza los impactos de la crisis en el sector portuario desde el segundo semestre del 2008 hasta inicios de abril del 2009. Fue realizada a partir de información proveída directamente por los puertos o descargada desde sus sitios en Internet. También utiliza notas de prensa de portales especializados así como información de agencias de noticias nacionales e internacionales.

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Boletin Informativo

Ministerio de Transporte y Obras Públicas - Uruguay
Nº27
Abril 2009

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A parallel between two classes of pricing problems in Transportation and Economics

Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation - Cirrelt
January 2009

In this work, we establish a parallel between two classes of pricing problems that have attracted the attention of researchers in economics, theoretical computer science and operations research, each community addressing issues from its own vantage point. More precisely, we contract the problems of pricing a network or a product line, in order to achieve maximum revenue, given that customers maximize their individual utility. Throughout the paper, we focus on problems that can be formulated as mixed integer programs.

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Models for evaluating and planning city logistics systems

Teodor Gabriel Crainic, Nicoletta Ricciardi and Giovanni Storchi
Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation - Cirrelt
March 2009

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Honduras - Additional Financing for Second Road Reconstruction and Improvement Project

World Bank
May 2009

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Infraestructura en América Latina y el Caribe: Acontecimientos recientes y desafíos principales

Marianne Fay y Mary Morrison
2007
World Bank

El presente informe tiene como tema la infraestructura en América Latina y el Caribe y las extraordinarias transformaciones que ha conocido en los últimos 15 años. En él se describe una historia de falsas esperanzas y expectativas frustradas sobre la participación del sector privado, así como el progreso conseguido y las enseñanzas aprendidas. Se presenta también el panorama de una región de ingreso mediano-alto donde la cobertura de la infraestructura ha caído por debajo del promedio de los países de ingreso mediano, a pesar de que atrae más inversión privada hacia ese sector que ninguna otra región en desarrollo.

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Measuring the Carbon Dioxide Impacts of Urban Transport Projects

Lee Schipper, Maria Cordeiro, Wei-Shiuen NG
World Resources Institute
November 2007

All over the world, transportation projects are changing how people and goods move, with direct and indirect impacts on greenhouse gases emissions. Transport and environment officials, investors, and other stakeholders want to know how transport interventions will affect traffic, energy demand, and emissions. Estimating the impacts of projects involving fuel or technology switch is conceptually straightforward but still with its challenges regarding the reliability of available data and the capacity for data collection. Projects affecting modal share, load factors, origin and destination, number of passenger-kilometers driven, driving cycle and other parameters are a more complex proposition. Without reasonable measurement of results, decision makers hamper their ability to design effective control strategies and to monitor progress. This paper aims to present an overview of the challenges frequently encountered when estimating the impact of transport projects on carbon dioxide emissions; describes key approaches and methods commonly used; and provides examples from cities in Asia and Latin America. This paper is based on literature review, consultation with experts in the transportation, energy and emissions fields and on experience in developing emissions estimations for projects interventions in developing country cities.

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The Guyana Transport Sector Study Project

Government of Guyana

With the assistance of the European Union, the Government of Guyana conducted a Transport Sector Study. The final report was submitted in 2006

The National Transport Sector Study conducted by GOPA Consultants of Germany in association with E & A Consultants of Guyana has been approved by the Government of Guyana and will form the basis for Guyana's Transport Sector Study Strategy. The Government of Guyana advises however that some aspects of the study will require further analysis which will be addressed in due course.

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NotiMOPT

Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transporte - Costa Rica
Abril 2009

En esta edición:

• MOPT adquiere maquinaria por ¢3.780 millones 
  
• Exitoso operativo de tránsito en Semana Santa
  
• Aprobado addendum para finalizar San Francisco-La Colina 
  
• Importante avance en asfaltado de Tilarán-Lívano
  
• Inspección Policial contra oficiales corruptos 
  
• El mango Recetas a base de mango
  

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Beijings bike parking experience

Bradley Schroeder
ITDP
April 2009

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Reinventing the wheel - planning the rail network to meet mobility needs of the 21st century

Moshe Givoni and David Banister
Transport Studies Unit - Oxford University Centre for the Environment
Working Paper Nº 1036
September 2008

The sustainable mobility agenda (Banister, 2008) places a key role on the railways, as this mode provides an efficient form of transport and it encourages a modal switch. With the overriding policy concern about the environmental agenda, rail is considered to have an advantage over other modes of transport (on long distance, inter-city journeys), and promotion of rail transport has become an important element in achieving a (more) sustainable transport system. Indeed, rail is experiencing a renaissance, not only in terms of its appeal to policy makers and transport planners,
but more important, in terms of its appeal to travellers. Demand for rail travel is now at record levels.

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TRA 2008: Conference Conclussions

European Commission
April 2009



TRA 2008, the second European Road Transport Research Arena, was held this past April in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The conference welcomed 1 300 scientists, engineers, policy makers and industry representatives, helping to forge new productive partnerships and bringing fresh perspectives to some of today’s most pressing issues.

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Infrastructure Projects as Economic Stimulus

Milken Institute Global Conference, 2009
Douglas Elmendorf
Congressional Budget Office
April 2009

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Peru - Global Environment Facility (GEF) Lima Transport Project

World Bank
March 2009

This project paper introduces the following changes in the Peru Lima Transport Project and any accompanying amendments to the project's legal documents. The changes consist of: (a) the replacement of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) financing of bus scrapping and social mitigation related activities with: (i) a study to integrate and rationalize the public transport system in Metropolitan Lima; and (ii) the allocation of a small amount of the respective funds to project management and for contingencies; (b) the refinement of a few indicators to adapt them to the component changes and to provide a better definition of project outputs; (c) the deletion of the disbursement categories and conditions relating to the scrapping/social mitigation activities and the inclusion of a new disbursement condition relating to the approval by the Bank of a revised environmental management plan; (d) the reallocation of funds between disbursement categories; and (e) a one-year grant closing date extension.

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Alianzas público-privadas como estrategias nacionales de desarrollo a largo plazo

Robert Devlin y Graciela Moguillansky
Revista CEPAL Nº 97 - Pag 97-116.
CEPAL
Abril 2009



Son pocos los países en desarrollo que han logrado reducir sostenidamente la brecha de ingresos con los países más ricos del mundo, sin una acción proactiva del gobierno que les permita avanzar en la transformación productiva con una inserción internacional dinámica. Al respecto, se observan dos factores clave: la formulación e implementación de una estrategia a mediano y largo plazo orientada a impulsar una transformación productiva acelerada y la alianza público-privada que la sustenta, construida mediante un proceso social adaptado a las circunstancias locales. Se analizan las modalidades de operación de este tipo de alianzas en 10 países extrarregionales exitosos, considerados como tales porque alcanzaron la convergencia con los países desarrollados o porque evolucionaron mejor que los de América Latina y el Caribe, pese a tener una dotación de recursos similar. En la región, la colaboración público-privada es un elemento faltante o solo incipiente. Así, el análisis apunta a promover una reflexión en torno a la formación de alianzas propias con miras a apoyar la adopción de estrategias encaminadas a la construcción de "tigres latinoamericanos".

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Breaking Ground: Engaging Communities in Extractive and Infrastructure Projects

Kirk Herbertson, Maria Athena Ballesteros, Robert Goodland, Isabel Munilla
World Resources Institute
February 2009


WRI analyzed existing community engagement standards and guidance, as well as experiences in several high profile projects. Based on this analysis, WRI developed seven Principles for Effective Community Engagement for extractive and infrastructure projects.

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